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MindMap Gallery Modern World History U1 (Toward a Holistic World)

Modern World History U1 (Toward a Holistic World)

Regarding the mind map of modern world history, it introduces the opening of global shipping routes, the initial establishment of global connections, the evolution of the world structure, and early colonial expansion.

Edited at 2024-01-29 11:21:28

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Modern World History U1 (Toward a Holistic World)

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Modern World History U1

The opening of global shipping routes

Motives and conditions for the opening of new routes

Economic roots (fundamental causes) The rapid development of the commodity economy and the emergence of capitalism

Social Roots: The Appearance of Marco Polo and the Appearance of the Gold Hunt

Commercial crisis (direct cause) Ottoman Türkiye controls traditional trade routes

Religious Factors: Spreading Catholicism

The influence of spiritual power, Renaissance humanism spirit

condition

Support from the royal families of Portugal and Spain

The development of European navigation and shipbuilding technology

The spread of geographical theory and rich geographical knowledge

People and time that opened up new routes

Dias came from Portugal in 1487 (Europe → Cape of Good Hope)

Columbus came from Spain in 1492 (Europe → America)

Vasco da Gama came from Portugal (Europe→India) in 1497

Magellan sailed around the world from Spain in 1519 to 1522

In 1578, Drake from England sailed to Cape Horn, the southern tip of America.

From 1642 to 1643, Tasman sailed from the Netherlands to New Zealand and Tasmania

The initial establishment of global connections and the evolution of the world pattern

Population migration and species exchange

Migration

Reason (after the opening of new shipping routes, people from all over the world traveled frequently)

Changes in ethnic groups in the Americas (Indians died in large numbers, black Africans were trafficked to the United States, and the number of white people increased)

species exchange

Influence

Positive (enrich the dietary structure, enrich the lives of people around the world, increase food production, promote population growth, promote economic development and connections, and promote the exchange and integration of world civilizations)

The global flow of goods (the world market begins to take shape)

Background (The opening up of global sea and land has enhanced the importance of sea and land in world trade)

The reasons for the inflow of silver into China (Chinese goods have strong competitiveness in the international market, and at the same time have a small demand for external goods, China has implemented a policy of restricting the entry of foreign goods, the opening of new shipping routes has strengthened connections between continents, and European aristocrats have a demand for Chinese luxury goods large)

Impact (Silver became a major currency, promoted the development of the commodity economy, strengthened the relationship between China and the world, and formed a trade network around the import of silver into China)

early colonial expansion

Expansion overview

Spanish and Portuguese colonial expansion in the 16th century

Spain (occupied Central and South America, controlled the Philippines in Asia, established various plantations and plundered gold and silver)

Portugal (controls Asia and Africa, controls Brazil in the Americas, establishes trade stations, monopolizes trade routes, and defrauds trade)

The reasons for the decline of Spain and Portugal (Portugal and Spain plundered a lot of wealth, but they did not turn it into capital, but used it for enjoyment, and the result became backward)

17th century Dutch sea coachman

The sun never sets on Britain in the 18th century

Reasons for early colonial expansion (capitalist development requires accumulation of capital)

colonial expansion

plundering genocide

slave trade

Organize privileged companies to conduct monopoly trade and fraudulent trade

waging commercial war

Influence

To the world market (breaking the relative isolation and further expanding the world market)

For colonial countries (plundering large amounts of wealth from the colonies and converting it into capital to promote the development of European capitalism)

To the colonies (disasters and disasters caused the backwardness of Asia, Africa and Latin America, and objectively promoted the development and progress of the colonies)

For international relations (colonial wars for hegemony occurred due to uneven political and economic development)

Summarize the impact of the opening of new routes (emphasis 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥)

To the world (the opening of new shipping routes has changed the world's situation and historical development process)

The relative isolation of various parts of the world has ended. The world has become increasingly connected, and civilizations as a whole have converged and blended.

The world market centered on Western Europe began to take shape

The opening of new shipping routes promotes global population migration, changes the demographic structure of states, and forms new cultural identities.

Population migration promotes the exchange of species around the world and leads to the spread of diseases

Proved the theory of round earth

to Europe. (Promote the development of capitalism, accelerate the primitive accumulation of capital, and promote the transformation of European society)

Business revolution (the scale of international trade is expanding, the trade pattern is changing, the types of commodity flows are increasing, trade centers are shifting, and new business management methods are emerging)

Price revolution (currency devaluation, price rise)

To Asia, Africa and America

Limitations (interrupting the original social development process, breaking the original relatively balanced civilization pattern, causing economic destruction and poverty and backwardness in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and bringing huge disasters to the local people)

Positive (bringing advanced production methods, lifestyles and ideas, and promoting the development and progress of colonial society)