(1) In order to determine the projects that must be tendered, standardize bidding activities, improve work efficiency, reduce corporate costs, and prevent corruption

(2) Projects that use state-owned capital investment or state financing in whole or in part

(3) Projects using loans and aid funds from international organizations or foreign governments

(4) Public utilities and other projects related to social public interests and public safety

(5) Survey, design, construction, supervision and procurement of important equipment and materials related to project construction

(1) Classification according to engineering construction procedures (preliminary consultation and bidding for construction projects, engineering exploration and design bidding, material and equipment procurement bidding, and construction bidding)

(2) According to the scope of project contracting (project general contracting bidding, project phased bidding, design and construction bidding, project subcontracting bidding and special project contracting bidding

(3) Classification by industry or professional category (civil engineering bidding, survey and design bidding, material and equipment procurement bidding, installation project bidding, building decoration and decoration bidding, production technology transfer bidding, consulting services and construction supervision bidding)

(4) Classification according to whether the project has foreign-related factors (domestic project bidding and international project bidding)

(1) Public bidding (also known as competitive bidding) is a bidding announcement issued by the bidding unit through newspapers, magazines, the Internet and other media. Any legal person who is interested in the bidding project and meets the bidding conditions can submit it to the bidding unit within the specified time. The stipulated certification documents will be reviewed by the bidding unit, and after approval, the bidding documents will be purchased and the bid will be submitted)

(2) Invitation bidding (also called one-stage selective bidding or limited competitive bidding, in which the tenderer selects some qualified units to issue bidding invitations based on the information it has accumulated or based on the information provided by authoritative consulting agencies)

(1) Concept: It is a bidding method that combines international competitive bidding and international selective bidding.

(2) The first stage: The bidder does not provide technical suggestions for quotations in accordance with the requirements of the bidding announcement or bidding invitation. The tenderer determines the technical standards and requirements based on the technical suggestions submitted by the bidder and prepares the bidding documents.

(3) Second stage: The tenderer provides bidding documents to the bidders who submitted technical suggestions in the first stage, and the bidders submit bidding documents including the final technical plan and bid quotation in accordance with the requirements of the bidding documents.

lump sum contract (fixed, adjustable)

Unit price contract (fixed, adjustable)

Cost plus remuneration contract (cost plus fixed percentage, cost plus fixed amount, cost plus fixed reward and penalty, maximum cost plus fixed maximum remuneration)

Project size and duration

Project competition

Project complexity

The degree of clarity of individual items of the project

Length of project preparation time

General Terms: These are concluded in accordance with the provisions of laws, administrative regulations and the needs of construction projects, and are generally used for subcontracting project terms.

Special clauses: These are clauses that the contractor and subcontractor reach an agreement through negotiation in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations and in combination with the actual conditions of the specific project. They are the concretization, supplement or modification of the general clauses.

Construction contract prices and adjustments

Project advance payment

Project payment

Confirm the change price

Procedures and responsibilities for project payment

Other costs involved in construction

Completion settlement

Quality warranty deposit

Refers to economic activities in which bidders with qualified qualifications and abilities fill in a bid document within a specified period, submit a quotation, and wait for the opening of the bid to determine whether they can win the bid after preliminary research and estimation according to the bidding conditions.

(2) Construction project bidding procedures (investigation and research, collection of information, comprehensive evaluation method, registration for bidding, pre-qualification, obtaining bidding documents, studying bidding documents, raising questions, formulating construction plans, calculating bid quotations, and confirming Bidding strategy, preparation of bid documents, submission of bid documents)

(1) Basis for bidding quotation

(2) Factors affecting bidding quotations

(1) Familiar with bidding documents, investigation and on-site inspection

(2) Develop bidding strategies based on project characteristics

(3) Calculate the actual project quantity of the bidding project

(4) Prepare construction organization design

(5) Calculate direct costs of distribution projects

(6) Share project costs and prepare unit price analysis tables

(7) Calculate the basic bid price

(8) Conduct win analysis and profit and loss analysis

(9) Propose alternative bidding and quotation plans

(10) Prepare a reasonable quotation to win the bid

Method: According to the project budget method and bill of quantities pricing method, the bill of quantities is the main method

(1) Prepare according to the project budget method (which is a popular practice in domestic bidding)

(2) Quotation of bill of quantities (composed of partial project fees, measure project fees, other project fees, regulatory fees and taxes

(1) The quotation can be high (poor construction conditions, high professional technology requirements, small projects with low total price, special projects, projects where the owner has urgent professional requirements for the construction period, few bidding opponents, projects with unsatisfactory payment conditions)

(2) The quotation should be low (the construction conditions are good, the company is currently eager to enter a certain market, the labor service may be short-term with conditions, there are many bidding opponents, and the payment conditions for non-urgent projects are good)

The purpose of the unbalanced quotation method (also called the front, middle and back request method) is to collect money early and charge more

(3) Quotation of daily labor unit price (it is necessary to analyze the number of daily labor that the owner may use after restarting work, and then determine the quotation policy

(4) Optional items (not chosen arbitrarily by the contractor, but only the owner has the right to choose)

(5) Quotation of tentative project quantities

(6) Multi-plan quotation method (the scope of the project is unclear, the terms are unclear or unfair, or the technical specifications are too demanding

(7) Add suggested solutions (must be relatively mature and have good operability)

(8) Adoption of subcontractor quotations (select one of the contractors with good reputation, strength and reasonable quotation to sign the agreement)

(9) No profit calculation

(1) The tenderer effectively controls project investment and prevents investment risks caused by vicious bidding.

(2) Enhance the transparency of the bidding process and facilitate normal bid evaluation

(3) It is helpful to guide bidders to bid and quote, and avoid disorderly competition when bidders have no bids and low bids.

(4) The bidding control price reflects the social average level and provides a reference for the bidder to judge whether the minimum bid price is lower than the cost.

(5) It can provide a calculation basis for determining the unit price of new projects due to engineering changes.

(6) As a reference for bid evaluation to avoid major deviations

(1) "Construction Engineering Bill of Quantities Pricing Specifications"

(2) Pricing quotas and pricing methods issued by the national or provincial or industry construction authorities

(3) Construction project design documents and related information

(4) Bill of quantities and related requirements in the bidding documents

(5) Standards, specifications and technical data related to construction projects

(6) Project cost information released by the project cost management agency; if the project cost information is not released, refer to the market price

(7) Other relevant information

(1) Preparation work

(2) Collect and prepare information

(3) Comprehensive explanation

(4) Attachments

(5) Relevant forms

(1) The sub-item project fee shall be calculated based on the characteristics description and relevant requirements of the sub-item project bill of quantities in the bidding documents, and the comprehensive unit price shall be determined in accordance with regulations for calculation.

(2) The cost of the measure items shall be determined according to the list of measure items provided in the bidding document. The measure items shall be calculated in the form of comprehensive unit price for each sub-project.

(3) Other project fees should be calculated according to the following provisions

(1) According to the project quantity calculation rules specified in the regional unit price valuation table, calculate the project quantity for each item

(2) Apply the corresponding unit valuation table sub-item price to the project quantity

(3) Collect fees according to the fee quota

(4) The price differences of the above-mentioned expenses shall be adjusted according to the local market price adjustment documents at that time.

It is a detailed list of the names and corresponding quantities of the sub-projects, measure projects, other projects, fee projects and tax projects of the construction project.

Priced Bill of Quantities - Tender Document

Bidding bill of quantities - bidding documents

(1) This code and the national metrology code for related projects

(2) Pricing quotas and methods issued by national or provincial or industry construction authorities

(3) Construction project design documents and related information

(4) Standards, specifications and technical data related to construction projects

(5) Proposed bidding documents

(6) Construction site conditions, geological survey and hydrological data, project characteristics and conventional construction plans

(7) Other relevant information

(1) Contents of preparation of bill of quantities

(1) The bill of quantities is in the form of a comprehensive unit price. The comprehensive unit price includes project direct costs, indirect costs, management fees, risk fees, profits, various fees stipulated by the state, etc.

(2) The quotation for the bill of quantities requires the bidding unit to quote according to the market conditions and its own strength, which requires the bidder to pay attention to the analysis of the unit price of the project.

(3) The bill of quantities has the legal nature of contract and is essentially the pricing model of a unit price contract. Once the unit price after winning the bid is confirmed by the contract, it cannot be adjusted at the time of completion and settlement, that is, the quantity changes and the price remains unchanged.

(4) The quotation of the bill of quantities reflects the physical consumption and related costs of the project in detail, so it is easy to combine the specific conditions of the construction project and change the static pricing model based on the budget quota into a dynamic pricing model that takes various factors into account in the unit price. model

(5) The quotation of the bill of quantities is conducive to the bidding process and avoids irregularities such as blind price reduction, fraud and secret operations during the bidding process.

(6) The quotation of the bill of quantities is conducive to the implementation and control of the project. The project composition and unit price composition of the quotation must meet the project implementation requirements. The quotation of the bill of quantities increases the reliability of the quotation and is conducive to the allocation of project funds and the final determination of the project cost.

(7) The quotation of the bill of quantities is conducive to strengthening the management of engineering contracts, clarifying the responsibilities of both parties, and achieving reasonable sharing of risks.

(8) The quotation of bill of quantities will promote the reform and development of pricing basis, encourage enterprises to prepare their own enterprise quotas, and improve their engineering technology level and operation and management capabilities.

(1) Pricing rules (specify unified pricing methods, pricing rules, and bill of quantity item setting rules)

(2) Effectively control consumption (the government issues unified guidance standards for average social consumption)

(3) Completely liberalize prices (comprehensively liberalize prices of work, materials, machines, profits, and management fees in project consumption quotas)

(4) Form the price (formulate basic standards to measure the rationality of the bid quotation, and ultimately the bidder with a reasonable low price "not lower than the cost" will win the bid)

(1) Prices are expressed in different forms (fixed pricing is between national pricing and national guidance prices, and the bill of quantities reflects the market price)

(2) The construction cost structure is different

(3) Unit projects are divided into different categories (mainly based on construction processes, with single content. The division principle is based on different parts of the project, different materials, different processes, different construction machinery, different construction methods and material specifications and models, and the division is very detailed)

(4) The entities preparing the project quantities are different (in the fixed-rate pricing method: the project quantities are calculated separately by the bidder and the bidder according to the drawing; in the list pricing method: the project quantities are calculated uniformly by the tenderer or entrusted to the relevant project cost consulting qualification unit for unified calculation calculate)

(5) Different pricing bases (the most fundamental difference is that the only basis for pricing based on quotas is the various quotas designated by the country, provinces, and relevant professional departments, which are instructive in nature; while the main basis for bill of quantities pricing is the "List Pricing Specifications" ".

(6) Construction measure consumption is included in different positions (fixed pricing does not distinguish between construction physical consumption and construction measure consumption, and they are generally placed together; while bill of quantities pricing separates construction measures and engineering entity items and lists them separately)

(7) The calculation rules for project quantities are different (the fixed-rate pricing model is measured based on the actual amount of distributed sub-projects, while the list pricing model is measured based on the net quantity of sub-project physical projects)

(8) The contract price adjustment methods are different (the contract adjustment methods formed by the fixed-rate pricing method include change of visa, quota explanation, and policy adjustment; while the unit price of the bill of quantities pricing method is generally relatively fixed)