MindMap Gallery Software Exam Intermediate System Integration Project Management Engineer - Chapter 7 Project Scope Management (2)
Software Exam Intermediate "System Integration Project Management Engineer" - Chapter 7 Project Scope Management (2): Contains meaning, the process of decomposing project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components, etc.
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Chapter 7 project scope management (2)
Implementation process
Step (4) Create a work breakdown structure (WBS) [Work Breakdown Structure]
Select test site [Required 1 point]
meaning
The process of breaking down project deliverables and project work into smaller, more manageable components
It is the basis of project management. All planning and control work of the project must be based on the work breakdown structure
significance
Read it once and understand it
(1) Make the project clear to project stakeholders
(2) Ensure the systematicness and integrity of the project structure
(3) Can establish a complete project guarantee system
(4) Clarify the working interface of all parties involved in the project to facilitate the division and implementation of responsibilities
(5) The final WBS can be directly used as a tool for schedule planning and control
(6) Provide a basis for establishing project communication management and facilitate grasping the key points of information
(7) It is the basis and main basis for the formulation of each sub-plan and control measures of the project.
(8) Helps prevent requirements and scope creep
The lowest level work unit of WBS is called a work package, which is the basis for schedule arrangement, cost estimation and monitoring.
content
Select test site 6
1. All work of the project must be included in the WBS, and any work not included in the WBS is not part of the project and cannot be done, otherwise it will be "gold-plated"
The WBS must and can only include 100% of the work
2. The preparation of WBS requires the participation of all project stakeholders and the participation of project team members.
3. WBS is decomposed layer by layer. The decomposition level of each branch does not have to be equal. Generally, it should be controlled at 3 to 6 layers.
4. Each element in the WBS should be relatively independent and overlap with each other should be minimized.
structure type
a. hierarchical tree structure
advantage
Clear hierarchy, very intuitive and highly structured, suitable for small and medium-sized projects
shortcoming
It is not easy to modify, and it is difficult to express the overall project view for large and complex projects.
b. tabular form
advantage
It can reflect all the work elements of the project and is often used in large and complex projects. [Use indented charts]
shortcoming
Less intuitive
Related concepts
Select test site 7
milestone
Marks the formal completion of a deliverable or phase
Milestone = specific time event that should be completed at this time
work package
The deliverable or project work component at the lowest level of each branch of the WBS
8/80 rule of thumb: It is recommended that the size of the work package should take at least 8 hours to complete, and the total completion time should not be greater than 80 hours
Small scale, can be completed in a short time (80 hours)
Logically speaking, it cannot be divided any further.
The required resources, time, costs, etc. can be estimated relatively accurately, and effective time, cost, quality, scope and risk control can be carried out.
control account
Is a management control point at which scope, budget, actual cost, and schedule are integrated and compared with earned value to measure performance
The control account is set on the management node selected by WBS. Each control account may include one or more work packages, but a work package can only belong to one control account.
Coding design is a key technology for WBS. When designing coding, you must carefully consider the information collected and the methods used to collect it.
ITO
enter Input
(1) project scope management plan
(2) project scope statement
(3) requirements document
(4) business environment factors
(5) organizational process assets
Tools & Techniques Tool&Technology
a. expert judgment
b. break down
Activities carried out
Select case test point 8
1||| Identify and analyze deliverables and related work
2||| Determine the structure and arrangement of the WBS
3||| Decomposition layer by layer from top to bottom
4||| Develop and assign identification codes to WBS components
5||| Verify the appropriate level of decomposition of deliverables
7 principles
Select test site 9
(1) Maintain project integrity hierarchically to avoid missing essential components
(2) A work unit can only be subordinate to an upper-level unit to avoid cross-subordination.
(3) Work units at the same level apply the same properties
(4) Work units should be able to separate different responsible persons and different work contents
(5) Facilitate project management planning and project control needs
(6) The lowest level work should be comparable, manageable, and quantitatively checkable
(7) Should include project management work, including subcontracted work
3 ways
i. Use project life cycle phases as the first level of decomposition and arrange project deliverables at the second level
ii. Consider the important deliverables of the project as the first level of decomposition
iii. Arrange the sub-projects on the first level, and then decompose the WBS of the sub-projects
Output output
1||| Scope Baseline
content
1. project scope statement
2. WBS
Each level of decomposition of the WBS represents a more detailed definition of the project work.
Assigning each work package to a control account and establishing a unique identifier for the work package based on the "account code" is the final step in creating a WBS.
The control account is set on the selected management node in the WBS
3. WBS Dictionary
Content includes: account code identification, work description, assumptions and constraints, responsible organization, schedule milestones, related schedule activities, required resources, cost estimates, quality requirements, acceptance criteria, technical references, agreement information
2||| Project file updates
Step (5) Confirm scope
meaning
The process of formal acceptance of completed project deliverables
connotation
Deliverables and work products need to be reviewed to ensure that all work on the project is completed accurately and satisfactorily
throughout the project
The scope validation process should document its completion in a written document
When the scope of confirmation is completed, the WBS and WBS dictionary adjusted during the confirmation should be updated.
effect
Select test site 10
Bring objectivity to the acceptance process while increasing the likelihood that the final product, service or result will be accepted by accepting each deliverable
step
Select test site 11
1||| Determine when scope needs to be confirmed
2||| Identify what inputs are needed to validate the scope
3||| Determine the formally accepted criteria and elements for scoping
4||| Determine the organizational steps for a scope meeting
5||| Organize scope confirmation meeting
Compared
Confirm scope process
Focus on acceptance of deliverables
Control quality process
Focus on the correctness of deliverables and meeting quality requirements
The control quality process usually precedes the validation scope process, But both can also be done at the same time
Main points
Select test site 12 【Frequent Examination】
Scope confirmation and requirements confirmation must be separated
Requirements confirmation is when the three parties discuss and form a requirements statement by holding a requirements review meeting in the early stage of the project to confirm the requirements.
Scope confirmation is a staged acceptance
ITO
enter Input
(1) project management plan
(2) requirements document
(3) Requirements Tracking Matrix
(4) Verified deliverables
(5) job performance data
Tools & Techniques Tool&Technology
a. examine
Carry out activities such as measurement, review and validation to determine whether work and deliverables meet requirements and product acceptance standards, and whether they meet the requirements and expectations of project stakeholders
Also known as review, product review, audit and inspection, etc.
b. group decision making techniques
Output output
1||| Deliverables for acceptance
2||| change request
3||| job performance information
4||| Project file updates
Step (6) scope control
meaning
Monitor project and product scope status and manage the process of scope baseline changes
Main points
Change is inevitable, so on every project, some form of change control management must be documented and implemented
related nouns
scope creep
Uncontrolled expansion of product or project scope (without corresponding adjustments to time, cost, and resources)
ITO
enter Input
(1) project management plan
(2) requirements document
(3) Requirements Tracking Matrix
(4) job performance data
(5) organizational process assets
Tools & Techniques Tool&Technology
Deviation analysis
Output output
1||| job performance information
2||| change request
3||| Project Management Plan Update
The multiple-choice questions from previous years’ real questions account for 3 to 4 points. Case questions will also be covered