Palatal tonsils reach their peak between 4 and 10 years old

Pharyngeal tonsils develop at 6 months → can cause sleep apnea in children

shorter and narrower than adults

Insufficient mucus glands → drier airways

The left main bronchus is long and slender, and the right main bronchus is short and thick.

Bronchiolar smooth muscle does not develop until 3 years old after birth → respiratory tract obstruction in young infants → mainly mucosal swelling and secretion obstruction

Alveoli few and small

Poor elastic tissue development

Well developed mesenchyme

Local symptoms (more common in older children) → nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, dry cough

Systemic symptoms (more common in infants and young children)

Throat congestion

enlarged tonsils

Swollen lymph nodes in the jaw and neck

The pathogen is →Coxsackievirus group A ★peeing

Good hair in summer and autumn

High fever, sore throat, anorexia and vomiting

White herpes can be seen on the pharyngeal mucosa with redness around it (herpes congestion)

Adenovirus type 3 7 ★Pickled pickles

Fever Pharyngitis Conjunctivitis

Good hair in spring and summer

High fever, sore throat, eye irritation, digestive tract symptoms

Congestion and white peelable discharge from the pharynx

Unilateral/bilateral follicular conjunctivitis Bulbar conjunctival hemorrhage

First degree (difficulty breathing after activity) (respiration and heart rate normal)

Second degree (dyspnea at rest) (with tubular breath sounds)

Third degree (irritability, eyes wide open in fear → due to hypoxia)

Fourth degree (drowsy state)

physical and chemical stimulation

respiratory tract infection

sports

Inhaled beta2 agonist (albuterol) → FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in first second) increases by 12% after 15 seconds

Administration of inhaled corticosteroids → FEV1 increased by 12%

Mainly dry cough

No wheezing or fever

Mainly damaged lung parenchyma

Mainly interstitial damage

Bronchial mucosal congestion and edema → lumen stenosis and occlusion → emphysema and atelectasis → ventilatory dysfunction

Alveolar wall congestion and edema → filled with viscous exudate → ventilatory dysfunction

Respiratory insufficiency

Acid-base imbalance

Electrolyte imbalance→hypoxia→increased anaerobic glycolysis→increased acid metabolism→acid substitution→at the same time, the elimination of carbon dioxide is blocked→produces acid respiration→therefore, severe mixed acidosis may occur

cardiovascular system changes

nervous system changes

Changes in gastrointestinal function

fever

cough

Shortness of breath

systemic symptoms

increased breathing

Cyanosis

Pulmonary rales (fixed moist rales)

There are scattered small and medium bubbly sounds

Breathing and heart rate suddenly increase in quiet state

Sudden paleness and cyanosis

Low heart sounds, galloping rhythm

Hepatomegaly

Irritability, coma, convulsions, altered light reflex, meningeal irritation

Frequent vomiting

severe abdominal bloating

Early lung markings are enhanced and light transmittance is reduced

Dot-like/patchy shadows appear in the lower fields of both lungs

Complications

Mild disease

Moderate to severe

Small spots and flakes in both lungs

patchy shadows

Persistent fever (residual fever)

accompanied by breathlessness

signs of pulmonary consolidation

Predisposed to myocarditis and organ failure

X-ray image→large shadow and large lesion

Empyema→

Pneumothorax→Percussion sounds, breath sounds disappear

Pyopneumothorax → drum sound above the lungs and solid sound below the lungs

Puncture and drainage of pus

winter fashion

Paroxysmal dry cough irritating cough

cloudy shadow

Thin flake shadow