MindMap Gallery Zoology - Reptiles
This is a mind map about Reptiles, which mainly includes amniotic eggs, characteristics suitable for terrestrial life, biological characteristics, classification of Reptiles, etc.
Edited at 2023-12-05 02:31:05This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
This is a mind map about Deep Analysis of Character Relationships in Zootopia 2, Main content: 1、 Multi-layer network of relationships: interweaving of main lines, branch lines, and hidden interactions, 2、 Motivation for Character Behavior: Active Promoter and Hidden Intendant, 3、 Key points of interaction: logic of conflict, collaboration, and covert support, 4、 Fun Easter eggs: metaphorical details hidden in interactions.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
This is a mind map about Deep Analysis of Character Relationships in Zootopia 2, Main content: 1、 Multi-layer network of relationships: interweaving of main lines, branch lines, and hidden interactions, 2、 Motivation for Character Behavior: Active Promoter and Hidden Intendant, 3、 Key points of interaction: logic of conflict, collaboration, and covert support, 4、 Fun Easter eggs: metaphorical details hidden in interactions.
Reptiles
amniotic egg
Guarantee of land breeding----amniotic membrane and amniotic fluid, egg shell, vitelline membrane, allantois, chorion, amniotic membrane, allantoic membrane, amniotic cavity, allantoic cavity
Significance in animal evolution: 1. There is a calcareous hard shell or leathery membrane with holes outside the egg, which plays a role in protection and gas exchange.
2The yolk end provides nutrition to the embryo
3. There are three membranes (amniotic membrane, chorion, and urinary membrane) and three cavities (amniotic cavity, extraembryonic cavity, and allantoic cavity). The amniotic cavity contains amniotic fluid to prevent embryo dryness and mechanical damage. The allantoic is a respiratory and excretory organ.
4. Meaning
1 Amniotic eggs are produced and hatched on land
2. The embryo is suspended in amniotic fluid to avoid drying on land, reduce vibration, and prevent mechanical damage.
subtopic
Including egg membrane, egg shell, yolk, and embryo. Membrane structures such as amniotic membrane, chorion, and allantoic membrane constitute eggs, allowing amniotic animals to acquire fertility on land.
Characteristics suitable for life on land
With copulatory apparatus, internal fertilization. The structure and development characteristics of amniotic eggs enable amniotic animals to completely get rid of their dependence on water in the early stages of individual development and ensure terrestrial reproduction.
The body is made of keratinized scales formed by the keratinization of epidermal cells or bone plates formed by the dermis. It is dry and lacks skin glands, reducing water loss.
The skeletal support system further developed, with five-finger (toe)-shaped appendages, claws at the ends of the fingers (toes), multiple cervical vertebrae, and two sacral vertebrae, making it more adaptable to life on land.
Lung breathing is further improved, chest breathing appears in the chest, breathing efficiency is improved, and skin is not needed to help breathing.
The heart has two atria and one ventricle. The ventricles have incomplete septa, and the blood circulation is incomplete double circulation.
The excretion is uric acid. The cloaca, large intestine, and bladder all have the function of flushing and absorbing water to reduce body water loss.
The development of sensory organs in the nervous system coordinates body activities and adapts to the changing environment on land.
biological characteristics
Dry skin, keratinous scales, and assisted breathing
multilayered epidermis
Keratinization produces horny scales, which prevents water evaporation, dry skin, and fewer skin glands, and also prevents reptiles from growing.
Genuine Leather
Composed of dense connective tissue and rich in pigment cells
skin glands
Lack of skin glands in the skin, males have femoral glands, also known as scent glands
Skeletal system: The thorax appears for the first time to protect internal organs and enhance breathing.
skull
Secondary jaw: a common feature of amniotic organisms starting from reptiles, which completely separates the nasal cavity and oral cavity, and separates the respiratory tract from the digestive tract
Temporal foramen: It is a hole phenomenon caused by the disappearance and degeneration of the temporal membranous bone. It is located behind the orbits on both sides.
spine, ribs, sternum
The spine is composed of five parts: cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, and coccygeal vertebrae. The cervical vertebra differentiates into the atlas and axis to ensure the flexibility of the head
The thorax is composed of thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and ribs through bone joints and ligaments, and is unique to amniotes.
digestive system
Secondary palate: Divides the oral pharynx into upper and lower layers, with the lower chamber for swallowing food and the upper chamber for respiratory passage to resolve the conflict between feeding and respiration.
oral glands
Composition: Alligator gland, labial gland, sublingual gland
Poison gland: formed from the metamorphosis of the (upper) labial gland
teeth
Terminal teeth: On the top surface of the jaw
Lateral teeth: grow on the ingrown side of the jaw
Alveolar teeth: grow in the alveoli of the teeth
Cecum: The cecum has been produced since reptiles and is related to the digestion of plant fibers.
Respiratory system: Characteristics, appearance of thorax
Incomplete separation of the ventricles (ventricular septum), incomplete double circulation, three-chamber heart
excretory system
Metanephros appear, nephrons (such as glomeruli) increase, and have strong urinary capacity. The metanephros is the latest to appear in individual development. After the beginning of crawling, the kidneys urinate, and the excretion is mainly hydrochloric acid.
Cloaca: the exit from the digestive tract to the outside world
Mesonephric duct: used for insemination in males and involution in females
salt glands
The salt excretion organs of some reptiles are mostly located in the nose or near the eyes.
Note: Not all reptiles have salt glands
Nervous system and sensory organs
Nervous system: Pyramidal cells make up nerve cells, and nerve cells make up the neocortex, the first appearance of reptiles. Most reptiles have 12 pairs of cranial nerves, but snakes and lizards have 11 pairs
Hearing organ: mainly composed of inner ear and middle ear
Infrared receptors: special receptors of reptiles, such as cheek fossae and lip fossae
Classification of reptiles
Beakhead
The tuatara (wedge-toothed lizard) is called a living fossil
Turtles
The raised pharyngeal wall and accessory bladders on both sides of the cloaca can serve as auxiliary organs during diving.
The vomeronasal organ does not open into the mouth
Lizards
Refugee Branch, Refugee, also known as Chameleon
Snake order
The upper and lower eyelids are specialized into transparent films that protect the eyeballs. They gradually become opaque and renew as the skin sheds.
Feel the vibrations from the ground through the square bones of your head
Crocodiles
The highest reptile
The blood is close to complete double circulation and the teeth are thick.