Increased lung transparency

Sparse lung texture

The chest is barrel-shaped, the ribs are deformed and flattened, and the intercostal spaces are widened.

The diaphragm is low, flat and wavy

The transparency of both lung fields increases, bullous shadows are visible, lung textures are sparse, and lung textures in the middle and outer lobes may disappear.

The heart shadow is long and narrow, showing a vertical heart shape

The affected lung lobe showed uniform density increase.

The chest collapses, the intercostal space narrows, the mediastinum shifts to the affected side, and the diaphragm rises

The heart edge and diaphragm are blurred, and the unaffected lung shows compensatory emphysema.

The volume of the lung lobes decreases, the density increases, and the pulmonary blood vessels, hilus and mediastinum shift to the affected side to varying degrees.

Compensatory emphysema may occur in adjacent lobes

Stiff, cord-like high-density shadow with clear edges

The trachea and mediastinum shift to the affected side, and the hilum moves upward

The lower lung texture is stretched and straightened into a weeping willow shape

chronic tuberculosis silicosis

Diffuse reticular, linear and honeycomb shadows

Diffuse granular or nodular shadows

Pneumoconiosis Chronic interstitial pneumonia

≤3cm

Benign: regular shape, smooth edges

Malignant: lobulated, with burrs visible at the edges of lung cancer

Frequent lesions: metastasis

moth-eaten

thin wall

thick wall

Pathological enlargement of physiological spaces in the lungs

Thin and even

Pulmonary bullae Pulmonary cysts Pulmonary air sacs

small amount of effusion

Moderate effusion

Massive effusion

encapsulated effusion

interleaf effusion

Fluid under the lungs

spontaneous pneumothorax

tension pneumothorax

There is no texture in the pneumothorax area, and the lungs are compressed from the periphery toward the hilum.

A small amount of pneumothorax: the pneumothorax area is linear or band-shaped, and the compressed lung edges can be seen

Massive pneumothorax: The pneumothorax area can occupy the middle and outer zones of the lung field, and the inner zone is the compressed lung: the soft tissue shadow is uniform in density. The intercostal space on the same side becomes wider, the diaphragm descends, and the mediastinum shifts toward the healthy side.

The presence of both fluid and gas in the pleural cavity

centrilobular type

full leaf type

paracaricar type

septal type

Homogeneous high-density shadow, air bronchus sign can be seen, the edge of the lesion is unclear, and it is clear near the interlobar pleura

The density of GGO is lower than the intrapulmonary tracheal shadow and is seen in the early or absorption stage of solid alveolar lesions.

small flakes

Large piece

Segmental

Large-leaf nature

diffuse distribution

Leaflet core enlargement

Intralobular interstitial thickening

Interlobular septal thickening

Abnormalities of the bronchovascular bundle

subpleural arc

honeycomb shadow

traction bronchiectasis

Ground glass density shadow

edge

density

nearby

Hematogenous nodules (randomly distributed)

perilymphatic nodules

centrilobular nodules

small airway nodules

cave wall

internal

around

The wall thickness is within 1mm, uniform, the inner and outer edges are smooth, and there can be a gas-liquid plane

Patchy calcification in the lungs is more common in tuberculosis

Multiple spots, concentric circles, and popcorn-like calcifications in solitary pulmonary nodules are benign lesions.

Diffuse fine punctate calcification seen in alveolar microlithiasis

Pneumoconiosis can be seen in multiple small nodular calcifications

A small amount: a narrow arc-shaped liquid density shadow on the inner edge of the posterior chest wall that is parallel to the chest wall

Moderate: crescent-shaped liquid density shadow on the inner edge of the posterior chest wall, with uniform density, neat edges, and slight compression of local lung tissue.

Massive: The lung is compressed at the hilum and appears as a soft tissue shadow, sometimes like a mass, but bronchial shadows can be seen inside, and the mediastinum is shifted to the opposite side.

Differentiation from abdominal effusion

Pleural tail sign: a convex liquid density shadow protruding from the chest wall to the lung field, with a wide base and close to the chest wall, and the angle with the chest wall is mostly an obtuse angle, with smooth edges and thickening near the pleura

Flake-like or band-like high-density shadows in the interlobar fissures are mostly liquid density, sometimes fusiform or spherical high-density shadows. When the amount of fluid effusion is large, they can appear as lumps, but the interlobar pleura at both ends is often thickened.

A band-like translucent area without lung markings on the lateral side of the lung. The arc-shaped visceral pleura can be seen on the inner edge of the lung, which appears as a thin linear shadow parallel to the chest wall.

Lung tissue may collapse under pressure to varying degrees

A clear air-fluid level and collapsed lung edges can be seen

Uneven thickness, small nodules, band-like soft tissue shadow along the chest wall, and uneven surface

Thickness up to 2 cm and mediastinal pleural thickening suggest malignant lesions

Along with thickening, extensive adhesions can cause the chest to collapse or the lungs to be stretched, affecting respiratory function.

Point-like, band-like, and block-like high-density shadows

Tuberculous pleurisy, empyema and post-thoracic hemorrhage organization

The shape of the lesion is irregular, lobulated, and the density is uneven. There are air bronchial signs inside, the edges are fuzzy and spiky, and the angle with the chest wall is an acute angle.

The lesions are often regular in shape, fusiform or semicircular, with uniform density, clear interface with the lungs, and an obtuse angle with the chest wall. Sometimes the pleural tail sign can be seen.

The lesions mostly grow into the chest wall and lungs at the same time, are mostly spindle-shaped, have a smooth and clear junction with the lungs, and form an obtuse angle with the chest wall. The local chest wall bulges, the intermuscular fat shadow and fascial layer boundaries disappear, and adjacent ribs may be destroyed.