The powder has small particle size, large specific surface area, easy dispersion, fast drug dissolution and absorption, and quick onset of effect.

The external powder covers a large area and can simultaneously play a protective and astringent role.

The dosage is easy to control and convenient for infants and young children to take

Simple preparation method, easy to store, transport and carry

Drugs that are highly irritating, easily hygroscopic, and unstable when exposed to light and heat are generally not suitable to be made into powders

Oral powder-Chuanxiong Tea Powder, Wubei Powder

Topical powder-Bingboran Powder Wubai Powder

Single powder - Nux vomica powder, Montmorillonite powder

Compound powder-Angong Niuhuang Powder and Sishi Powder

Divided doses (multiple oral administration)-Xiaoer Jingfeng Powder

Regardless of dosage (mostly for external use)-Wuling Powder

Reduce particle size, increase drug surface area, promote drug dissolution and absorption, and improve drug bioavailability

Convenient to prepare a variety of dosage forms, such as powders, granules, capsules, tablets, pills, etc.

Helps increase the leaching speed of active ingredients from medicinal materials

Makes it easy to mix the ingredients evenly and take them

Dry crushing

Wet grinding

crush alone

Mix and crush - drugs similar in properties and hardness

Low-temperature crushing-contains volatile components and antibiotics, etc.

Ultra-fine crushing - valuable medicinal materials, such as Cordyceps sinensis, ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Gastrodia elata

Mortar

Ball mill:

impact crusher

flow energy mill

Select the appropriate crushing equipment and crushing method according to the nature of the material, the degree of crushing of the material, the amount of crushing, etc.

During the process of drug crushing, fine powder should be screened out in time to avoid excessive crushing of the drug to reduce power consumption and drug loss.

The medicinal parts of Chinese herbal medicines must be completely crushed before use

When crushing toxic drugs or highly irritating drugs, attention should be paid to labor protection to avoid poisoning. At the same time, precautions should be taken to prevent cross-contamination of drugs.

Classification by production method

Sort by screen number

The coarsest powder refers to the powder that can all pass through the No. 1 sieve, but is mixed with no more than 20% of the powder that can pass through the No. 3 sieve.

Coarse powder refers to powder that can pass through the No. 2 sieve, but is mixed with no more than 40% of the powder that can pass through the No. 4 sieve.

Medium powder refers to the powder that can pass through the No. 4 sieve, but is mixed with no more than 60% of the powder that can pass through the No. 5 sieve.

Fine powder refers to powder that can pass through No. 5 sieve and contains no less than 95% that can pass through No. 6 sieve (can be taken orally)

The finest powder refers to powder that can pass through No. 6 sieve, but contains no less than 95% that can pass through No. 7 sieve (pediatrics, topical use)

Ultra-fine powder refers to powder that can all pass No. 8 sieve and contains no less than 95% that can pass No. 9 sieve (powder for eye use)

Shaking sieve - often used to measure particle size distribution or sieve a small amount of highly toxic drugs, irritating drugs or light pharmaceutical powders to avoid flying fine powder

Oscillation drying - equipment commonly used in production to screen powdery and granular materials of varying thicknesses.

Enhance vibration - force the powder to move through the sieve holes

The dust thickness should be moderate

The powder should be dry

Stirring and mixing - Mixers are often used in mass production to stir and mix.

Grinding and mixing - suitable for mixing small amounts of especially crystalline drugs, but not suitable for mixing hygroscopic and explosive ingredients

Sieve and mix - the sieved mixture still needs to be stirred to mix evenly

Container rotation type

Container fixed mixer

The proportion of each component - if the proportion of each component is very different, the equal-amount incremental method (mixing grinding method) should be used at this time

Beidan - often added to special drugs with a certain proportion of diluent to make diluent powder, suitable for toxic drugs, expensive drugs or small-dose drugs.

Particle size and density of each component - when the particle size difference is large, add the component with larger particle size first; when the density difference is large, materials with smaller density should be loaded first to prevent the heavy ones from sinking to the bottom; when the color difference of the drugs is large , add the dark-colored drug first, then add the light-colored drug, which is commonly known as the "color-registering method"

Contains components that form a eutectic mixture - when two or more drugs are mixed in a certain proportion, the melting point is lowered and the phenomenon of wetting or liquefaction occurs, which is called eutectic, and the mixture is called a eutectic. The formation should be avoided as much as possible, or absorbents should be used to absorb liquefied materials

Contains liquid or hygroscopic ingredients

Mixing time - determined by the nature of the mixed materials, the mixing amount and the performance of the equipment used.

Packaging Materials

method of packing

Unless otherwise specified, powders should be stored in a sealed container. Powders containing volatile raw materials or raw materials that easily lose moisture should be stored in a closed container.

storage conditions

Making soft materials - forming a ball when held and falling apart when touched

extrusion granulation

1.0g and below ±10%

Above 1.0g to 1.5g ±8%

Above 1.5g to 6.0g ±7%

6.0g or more ±5%

Can mask the bad smell of drugs and improve drug stability

Dissolution rate of drugs and high bioavailability

Can convert liquid medicine into solid dosage form

Delayed or targeted drug release

Easy to identify

Reduce the irritation of drugs

Drug aqueous solution or dilute ethanol solution can dissolve the capsule shell

Weathering drugs that soften the capsule walls

Strongly hygroscopic drugs can make the capsule wall dry and brittle

Aldehydes, which can cause gelatin denaturation

Liquid drugs containing volatile, small-molecule organic compounds that can soften or dissolve the capsule material

O/W emulsion drugs can cause the cyst wall to soften

Soluble and irritating drugs

hard capsule

Soft capsule

Sustained release capsules

controlled release capsules

Enteric coated capsules

The composition of hollow capsules

Preparation of hollow capsules - 10℃~25℃, relative humidity 35%~45%

Specifications of hollow capsules

Fitting method - flat mouth, lock mouth

Dry gelatin: plasticizer: water - 1: (0.4-0.6): 1

Commonly used plasticizers are glycerin, sorbitol or a mixture of the two

Drugs that should not be made into soft capsule contents

Matrix adsorption rate - the number of grams of liquid matrix required when 1g of solid drug is made into a suspension filled with soft capsules (adsorption rate = matrix weight/solid weight)

dripping method

Suppression

No more than 2 pills may exceed the limit of loading difference, and no 1 pill may exceed the limit by more than 1 times.

Below 0.30g, ±10% 0.30 and above ±7.5%

Hard capsules and soft capsules - Take 6 capsules. The hard capsules should be completely decomposed within 30 minutes, and the soft capsules should be completely decomposed within 1 hour. If 1 tablet cannot be completely disintegrated, 6 tablets should be taken and retested.

Enteric-coated capsules - a total of 6 capsules. First check them in hydrochloric acid solution. There should be no cracks or disintegration. They should all disintegrate within 1 hour after checking in artificial intestinal fluid. If 1 capsule cannot be completely decomposed, another 6 capsules should be taken for retesting.