Drug-induced shock (penicillin, procaine)

Serum Anaphylactic Shock (Tetanus Antitoxin, Diphtheria Antitoxin)

Respiratory allergies: allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma

Gastrointestinal allergies: allergic gastroenteritis

Skin allergies: urticaria, eczema, angioedema

Skin test: When the allergen enters the skin of the sensitized person through skin pricks, scratches, intradermal injection, etc., it combines with the specific IgE adsorbed on mast cells or basophils, resulting in the formation of mast cells or basophils. Degranulation releases bioactive media

Provocation test: simulates naturally occurring conditions and uses a small amount of allergen to cause a mild allergic reaction to determine the allergen.

Result analysis

Total IgE

Specific IgE

IgG4

cell degranulation

Antiglobulin test: Antiglobulin test (Coombs) (used to detect incomplete antibodies IgG)

Microcolumn gel method: based on gel filtration, Ag-Ab reaction, anti-globulin test, centrifugation technology (easy to standardize)

Polybrene method: Polybrene neutralizes the negative charges on the surface of red blood cells, shortens the distance between cells, and forms reversible non-specific agglutination, allowing IgG to directly agglutinate red blood cells. Low-ion media can promote the binding of incomplete antibodies to corresponding antigens on red blood cells (can exclude false positives caused by non-immune aggregation)

Enzyme media method: After adding enzyme media, the sialic acid glycopeptides on the surface of red blood cells are destroyed, the negative charge on the cell surface is reduced, and the repulsive force between cells is reduced and the distance is reduced, which is conducive to the connection of incomplete IgG antibodies at the antigen points of the two red blood cells (the most sensitive Difference)

Endogenous: denatured IgG, toxic cells

Exogenous: parasites, pathogenic bacteria, viruses

Arthus reaction: reaction caused by repeated injection of sheep red blood cells into rabbits

Arthus-like reaction: reaction produced by injection of penicillin, insulin, antitoxin, and rabies vaccine in humans

serum sickness

rheumatoid arthritis

SLEsystemic lupus erythematosus

Physical method: PEG turbidimetric method, solubility principle, does not destroy physical and chemical properties, and has low sensitivity

Chemical method: C1q solid phase test, combined with C1q principle, high sensitivity

Antiglobulin method: mRF solid phase inhibition test, combined with RF principle

Cell method: Raji cell test, complement receptor principle