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MindMap Gallery Medical epilepsy classification

Medical epilepsy classification

This is an article about the classification of medical epilepsy. The key points of epilepsy classification are clear at a glance. It is full of useful information. Interested friends can refer to it!

Edited at 2023-11-16 22:00:21

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Medical epilepsy classification

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Neurology Chapter 8 Episodic Disorders 001
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Medical cerebral infarction
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Epilepsy classification

1||| Classification of epileptic seizures

partial paroxysmal seizures

Simple partial seizure-unconscious disorder

partial motor seizure

Jackson's attack: The abnormal movement starts locally and moves along the motor area of the cerebral cortex. The clinical manifestations are extracted from the fingers, wrist, forearm, elbow, shoulder, mouth corner, and face and gradually develop. This is called Jackson's attack.

Patients with severe partial motor seizures may be left with transient (dissolving within half an hour to 36 hours) limb paralysis, called Todd's paralysis.

Rotary seizures, postural seizures, articulatory seizures

partial sensory seizure

Somatosensory, special sensation, dizziness

autonomic seizure

Pale, flushed complexion, polydipsia, etc.

psychotic episode

Memory impairment, delusions, emotional disorders, etc.

Complex partial seizures - temporal lobe epilepsy

disorder of consciousness

Usually confusion, rarely loss of consciousness

Disorders of consciousness and automatisms

The aura begins with abdominal abnormalities lasting 1-3 minutes.

Disorders of consciousness and motor symptoms

Partial seizures followed by generalized seizures

Generalized grand mal seizure - bilateral brain damage, loss of consciousness

Generalized tonic-clonic seizures GTCS

Clinical features

Loss of consciousness, myoclonus following bilateral tonicity

Typical electroencephalogram

The tonic phase begins with a gradually increasing spike-wave rhythm of 10 times/second, and then the frequency continues to decrease and the amplitude continues to increase. During the clonic phase, there are diffuse slow waves with intermittent spikes. In the late period of convulsion, there is obvious electroencephalographic suppression.

installment

cataleptic phase

Continuous contraction of skeletal muscles throughout the body, 10-20S

clonic phase

Alternating muscle twitching, 30-60S

late stage of attack

Brief spasm mainly of facial muscles and masseter, consciousness gradually recovered, 5-15 minutes

tonic seizure

Seen in children with diffuse brain damage, violent falls can be seen, lasting for several to tens of seconds, and the EEG shows explosive polyspike waves.

clonic seizures

Frequent in infants and young children, characterized by repetitive clonic jerks accompanied by loss of consciousness, lasting 1 to several minutes, EEG lacks specificity

atonic seizure

subtopic

absence seizure

typical absence seizure

The onset of the disease in children ends in adolescence, with 5-10 seconds of loss of consciousness and interruption of movement, several attacks a day, and immediate awakening and inability to recall. EEG bilaterally symmetrical 3HZ spike-slow complexes

Atypical absence of concentration

Slower, more common in children with diffuse brain damage. EEG shows 2-2.5HZ spike-slow complex

myoclonic seizures

Rapid, brief electric shock-like muscle contractions that can occur at any age. Typical EEG changes are spiny-slow complexes

2||| Classification of epilepsy or epilepsy syndrome

related to parts

Benign childhood epilepsy BECTS with centro-temporal spikes

Onset between 3 and 13 years old, peaking at 9 to 10 years old; more common in boys, mostly at night, activated by sleep

The attack manifests as a brief motor attack on one side of the face or mouth, often accompanied by somatosensory symptoms, and may be secondary to GTCS; the attack frequency is sparse

EEG background activity is normal, with high amplitude spikes and slow waves in the central-temporal region. Most patients recover spontaneously during adolescence.

Benign childhood epilepsy with paroxysmal discharges in the occipital region

primary reading epilepsy

symptomatic epilepsy

Temporal lobe epilepsy TLE

Onset in childhood and adolescence, 40% have a history of febrile convulsions

Hippocampal amygdala seizures (medial) and lateral temporal lobe epilepsy

Manifestation: simple partial seizure (autonomic, mental, olfactory, auditory symptoms);

Complex partial seizure (digestive automatism)·Duration >1min, inability to recall afterwards·EEG unilateral or bilateral temporal lobe spikes

Frontal lobe epilepsy, parietal lobe epilepsy, occipital lobe epilepsy

Special triggering epilepsy syndrome

Chronic progressive partial persistent epilepticus in children

Comprehensiveness

benign familial neonatal convulsions, benign neonatal convulsions, benign infantile myoclonic epilepsy

childhood absence epilepsy CAE

The peak incidence is between 6 and 7 years old. It is more common in girls. There is an obvious genetic tendency and manifests as frequent absence seizures.

EEG background activity is normal, but bilaterally symmetrical 3Hz spike-slow wave hyperventilation is easily induced

Sodium valproate and lamotrigine have good effects and good prognosis. Most of them recover. A few cases develop GTCS after puberty.

juvenile absence epilepsy

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy JME

Peak incidence is between 8 and 18 years old

It manifests as clonic twitching of the limbs, which may be combined with GTCS and absence seizures and has photosensitivity.

Good response to anti-epileptic drugs, easy to relapse after stopping the drug

Generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy on awakening