carbon source

Nitrogen source

Inorganic salt

growth factors

water

Trichophyton

Faecalibacterium faecalis

Geobacteria

A symbiosis formed by the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and the roots of higher plants

Adequate moisture

proper nutrition

Temperature Different species have different temperature requirements during germination

The pH is mostly pH 4.5-6.5

plenty of oxygen

The acrosome (spitzenkorper) has a small ball in the tip area of ​​the hyphae of many fungi that is easy to dye or refract light, and always moves toward the front of the hyphae; it is composed of many vesicles gathered together, surrounded by mesh-like filaments, which can control the acrosome. Movement of bodies within a cell; chitosomes: microvesicles containing fungal cytoplasm

Apical growth: vesicles are transferred from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus in the form of vesicles; Concentration processing is carried out in the Golgi, and the intracellular vesicles are The plasma reticulum membrane is transformed into a cell-like membrane; Vesicles are released from the Golgi and translocated to the hyphal tip; The vesicle membrane fuses with the cell membrane, and its contents (catalytic enzymes, synthetic enzymes) are released into the cell wall, Leads to the growth of hyphal tips

Branching growth: Branching occurs at a certain distance after the tip. The septal pores are covered by vorunin bodies or sterols and other proteins. White crystals clog, a large number of vesicles gather next to the septum, and a new top emerges from the side wall

growth retardation period

rapid growth period

growth stagnant period

Mycelium needs to be mature: vigorous growth, nutrients Only the rich dikaryotic hyphae can form the primordium;

Suitable environmental conditions: nutrients, temperature, humidity degree, illumination, etc.

The differentiation of the caps requires a certain amount of oxygen. When the CO2 content exceeds 1%, the caps will further develop and differentiate. will be inhibited

Low light will promote the growth of the stipe. For fungi whose main edible part is the stipe, such as Enoki mushrooms, they are often covered with paper bags after fruiting to promote the growth of the stipe.

When the fruiting body grows and differentiates, it not only absorbs nutrients from the mycelium, but also absorbs nutrients from nearby stunted fruiting bodies.

The fruiting body is fully mature, the cap is flattened, and a large number of spores are distributed. After that, it gradually matures, the cap is rolled up, and finally shrinks and dies.

Suitable temperature: low temperature type 13~18 (20) ℃ Medium temperature type 20~24 ℃ High temperature type 24~30 ℃

During differentiation: no temperature difference stimulation is required: constant-temperature fruiting fungi require temperature difference stimulation: variable-temperature fruiting fungi (temperature difference between day and night is 8~10°C)

The unique physical and chemical properties of water determine its important role in the life activities of mushrooms; The transformation of matter, the transformation of energy, the transmission of information, the establishment and decline of form They are all inseparable from water; the water content of fresh fruiting bodies is generally 80-95%

pH affects enzyme activity and cell permeability requirements Range: 3.0~8.0 Optimum pH acidic: 5.0~6.5 (more) Alkaline: 7.5 Acidity: 4.0 (Hericium)

mycelial growth phase Fruiting body differentiation stage, slightly lower fruiting body growth stage → high ventilation. Ventilation holes are required to be set in all directions and the air flow must be swirling.

Mycelium Growth: Dark Fruiting body differentiation: scattered light fruiting body growth Majority: 7 points cloudy and 3 points light Light-loving type: 5 points shade and 5 points light Photophobic type: dull or shimmery

Beneficial microorganisms: convert the culture medium to provide nutrients for the growth of mushrooms  Synthesize essential substances for the growth and development of mushrooms  Remove some factors that inhibit the growth and development of mushrooms through metabolism  Causes changes in the environment and provides a more suitable growth environment for mushrooms