physical properties

Chemical properties (more active than benzene)

C14H10, isomers of each other

Conditions: catalyzed by iron powder or iron halide, water bath 50-60℃

Halogen substitution activity: F>Cl>Br>I

Product: Dihalogenation: mainly ortho-para position

Conditions: concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, 50-60℃

Nitrobenzene and fuming nitric acid can produce meta-dinitrobenzene at 100℃

Alkylbenzenes are more easily nitrated

Sulfonation reaction is reversible

Under the catalysis of anhydrous AlCl3, aromatic hydrocarbons react with halogenated hydrocarbons, acid halides, acid anhydrides, etc., and the hydrogen on the ring is replaced by an alkyl group or an acyl group to form an alkylbenzene or aromatic ketone.

Notice

For homologues containing α-H, the side chains can be oxidized to carboxyl groups by acidic potassium permanganate or acidic potassium dichromate at higher temperatures.

The benzene ring is converted into butenedic anhydride under V2O5 and O2 (400-500℃)

Mainly occurs on α-H