animism

Get rid of superstition and witchcraft, and use simple materialism, holistic view and heart body monism as a guide

Emphasize the unity of human body and mind, and pay attention to the relationship between natural environment and disease

"Huangdi Neijing" "Heaven and man are one, heaven and man are corresponding" "Heaven and man are corresponding" and "form and spirit are unified"

The "Humoral Theory of Disease" proposed by Hippocrates, personality is related to disease, emphasizing "treat the disease first and treat the person first"

drug language

Get rid of the shackles of religion

Disease is a measurable biological change that deviates from normal

This model has made a huge contribution to improving human health

Pay attention to the biological factors of diseases, and use biological theories to diagnose, treat, prevent diseases and formulate health care systems. It is believed that any disease (including mental illness) can be explained by a disorder of biological mechanisms, and specific changes in morphology, structure and biological indicators/physical and chemical changes can be found in organs, tissues and biological macromolecules.

Fundamental flaw: only studying people’s biological attributes while ignoring people’s social attributes, “seeing the disease but not the person”

① The human “disease spectrum” and “death spectrum” have undergone significant changes;

② With the advancement of social civilization, people's requirements for the quality of their own lives are also constantly increasing. There is an urgent need for doctors to not only solve the direct pain caused by their physical diseases, but also help them alleviate their mental pain.

Engel proposed

It is a modern medical model based on system theory and holistic view. It requires medicine to treat people as a multi-level, complete continuum. That is, when it comes to health and disease issues, biological and The combined effects of psychological, behavioral, and social factors

P7 Figure 1-1, combined with the text below

Subjective: the observer and the observed are the same person

Objective: The researcher observes and analyzes the behavior of individuals or groups other than himself

Natural: in natural situations, without interference

Control: carried out under a certain pre-set situation, such as one-way glass laboratory

Daily: for healthy people

Clinical: to the patient