Characteristics: Anxiety, fear, behavioral regression

Psychological intervention: supportive treatment, such as understanding, respect, comfort and encouragement.

Characteristics: subjective sensory abnormalities, emotional reactions (denial, anxiety, depression), patient role reinforcement, drug dependence and drug resistance

Drug intervention, supportive psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation training, and emotion management.

Characteristics: erroneous cognition (denial, delayed identification, evaluation of disability), negative emotions (anxiety, depression, anger, loneliness), unhealthy personality (isolation and low self-esteem)

Intervention: Rehabilitation exercise, correcting misunderstandings, cultivating a positive attitude, and mobilizing positive social factors.

denial period

Anger

Agreement period (bargaining)

depression

Acceptance

Hospice care: applies medicine, psychology, sociology, ethics and other aspects to help patients reduce their pain to the greatest extent, improve their quality of life, and enable them to die peacefully and with dignity.

content

Manifestations: palpitations, chest tightness, frequent urination, abdominal pain, diarrhea, sleep disorders

Reasons: past experience, fear of surgical pain, lack of psychological preparation before surgery, being too picky about medical staff, and lack of understanding of surgical safety

Treatment: Psychological support and guidance, behavior control techniques

Manifestations: postoperative anxiety, postoperative disturbance of consciousness, postoperative recurrence of mental illness, postoperative depression (sense of loss)

Reasons: Depressed mood, emotional instability, little communication between nurses and patients, too high or too low anxiety response, insufficient motivation for treatment and recovery, and little understanding of the surgical recovery process

Treatment: Psychological support and guidance, behavioral control techniques (relaxation training/distracted attention/demonstration method/hypnotic suggestion/cognitive behavioral therapy)

1)Shock-fear period

2) Denial-Doubt Period

3) Anger-frustration period

4) Acceptance-adaptation period

1) Tell the patient the true information

2) Correct patients’ misconceptions about cancer

3) Deal with patients’ emotional problems

4) Reduce pain

5) Rebuild a healthy lifestyle