Cornea: Light first passes through the cornea, the clear front part of the eye that refracts light so it enters the eye.

Pupil: Light passes through the pupil, and the size of the pupil is controlled by the iris to regulate the amount of light entering the eye and protect the retina from strong light damage.

Lens: Light passes through the lens, which can change shape to focus on objects at different distances.

Vitreous humor: Light passes through the vitreous humor, the clear, jelly-like substance inside the eye that supports the shape of the eyeball.

Retina: Light reaches the retina, the light-sensitive layer of the eye located at the back of the eyeball.

Photoreceptors: Photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in the retina convert light signals into electrical signals. Rod cells are sensitive to light and are responsible for vision in low light conditions; cones are sensitive to color and are responsible for color vision.

Bipolar cells and ganglion cells: Electrical signals are further processed and integrated by bipolar cells and ganglion cells in the retina.

Optic Nerve: The processed electrical signals enter the optic nerve through the optic disc (the origin of the optic nerve).

Optic chiasm: The optic nerves cross at the optic chiasm. Information from the right half of the left eye's visual field is transmitted to the right brain, and information from the left half of the right eye's visual field is transmitted to the left brain.

Lateral geniculate body (LGN): Signals first reach the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus, where preliminary visual information processing occurs.

Primary visual cortex (area V1): Signals are then sent to the visual cortex of the cerebral cortex, specifically area V1, where more complex visual information processing occurs, such as edge detection, color and motion perception.

Secondary visual cortex (area V2): Signals are further transmitted to area V2, where more complex visual features such as the outline and shape of objects are processed.

V3 area: The V3 area processes depth information for color and motion.

V4 area: The V4 area is responsible for further processing of colors and shapes.

V5 area (MT area): V5 area processes motion and spatial positioning information.

Temporal lobe: Signals are sent to the temporal lobe, specifically the inferior temporal gyrus, which is responsible for object recognition and face recognition.

Parietal lobe: Signals are also passed to the parietal lobe, specifically the intraparietal sulcus, which is involved in spatial perception and object localization.

Integration: The brain integrates these processed visual information with other sensory information (such as hearing, touch, etc.) to form our perception of the world.

Consciousness: Finally, this information is sent to the prefrontal lobes of the brain, specifically the dorsolateral area of ​​the prefrontal lobes, which is involved in decision-making, planning, and the generation of awareness.

Hippocampus: Visual information is linked to memory, and the hippocampus plays a key role in the formation of visual memory and spatial navigation.

Feedback loops: Multiple feedback loops exist during visual information processing, allowing the brain to adjust its interpretation of the visual scene based on new information.