The importance of independent thinking ability and feedback on one’s own actual situation

Long-term memory is an important ability that distinguishes outstanding people from ordinary people. It is the direction and essence of deliberate practice.

The task difficulty of deliberate practice should be moderate, feedback can be received, and the practice should be repeated enough times so that learners can correct their mistakes.

Key points for cultivating long-term memory:

The difference between learning activities with high cognitive complexity and low cognitive complexity is largely reflected in the amount and proportion of tacit knowledge.

cognitive apprenticeship

Deliberate practice of long periods of time with patience and humility.

Everyone can be Mozart

The ability to create with the right training and practice.

We have greater power over our lives that we never realized before.

Learning is no longer a way to discover someone's potential, but a way to develop that potential. We can create our own potential.

The first half of the book describes what deliberate practice is, why it works, and how great people use it to develop great abilities

The limitations of objective conditions make it clear that the ceiling in a certain field can be reached

The final part of the book gives us the benefit of studying great people, gaining an in-depth understanding of deliberate practice in particular, and explaining what this means for the rest of us.

Limitations of short-term memory

How to better achieve long-term memory/increase possibilities

First, get a general idea of ​​what we want to do, get some guidance from a mentor, coach, book or website, then start practicing until we reach an acceptable level, then let the skill become automatic and natural of. There is nothing wrong with this approach. Many of the things we do in life only require us to reach an intermediate level.

An innocent exercise: just keep your head down and do it!

Transformation and dismantling of goals

To make progress, you must focus completely on your task.

No matter what you're working on, you need feedback to identify exactly where you're falling short and how you're falling short.

It's a basic truth with any type of practice: If you never push yourself outside of your comfort zone, you'll never improve.

First make progress, then hit a bottleneck, get stuck, look for different ways to overcome the obstacle, finally find that way, then steadily improve again until the next obstacle appears.

While we can always move forward and improve, doing so is not always easy. Staying focused and continuing to work hard is hard to do and often not fun. So the question of motivation inevitably arises: Why do some people want to engage in this kind of practice? What keeps them going?

Get out of your comfort zone, But set clear goals in a focused way, Make a plan for reaching those goals and come up with ways to monitor your progress. Oh, and find ways to keep you motivated.

importance of method

Although we can generally improve our ability to do something to some extent through focused training and stepping out of our comfort zone, that's not all. Hard work is not enough. It’s not enough to push yourself beyond your limits. People often overlook some other equally important aspects of training and practice. Academics have conducted research on a specific practice and training method that has been proven to be the most powerful and effective way to improve people's abilities in various industries or fields.

Most compelling evidence yet that the human brain develops and changes in response to intensive training

There is also an overview in the human panorama, but that one is more systematic and detailed.

Work out hard enough, and for long enough, and the body will change in ways that make that effort easier.

To make change happen, you have to keep pushing: run farther, faster, and run uphill. If you don't continue to put some pressure on yourself, your body will maintain homeostasis, and even though the homeostasis is different at this time than before, you will stop improving.

On the one hand, recent research shows that if people can trigger changes in brain structure when learning a new skill, then this kind of learning is much more efficient than when people just continue to practice a skill they have already learned.

On the other hand, pushing yourself too hard for too long can lead to burnout and ineffective learning. The brain, like the body, changes most rapidly to challenges that lie outside its comfort zone but not too far away in the "sweet spot."

The most effective forms of training are actually not just those that help you learn a certain instrument, but deeper and more advanced training that actually enhances your ability to play the instrument. When you play music, these exercises change parts of your brain, in a way that improves your own musical "gift."

Develop, not only intellectual training, but also sports

Effects of training on the brain

There may be a price to pay for developing certain parts of the brain through extended training.

Cognitive and physiological changes induced by training need to be maintained.

Create linked relationships

In the example of chess, you can think of it this way: the more complex the chess game, the more the pieces' power is mobilized, and the more complex the cooperation between the pieces' forces is; the more simple the chess game, the less the pieces' power is mobilized, and the pieces' cooperation is more complicated. The interaction between forces is also simpler.

broader psychological characteristics

First impression?

Want a preset?

Basically, these representations are pre-existing patterns of information (such as facts, pictures, rules, relationships, etc.) that are stored in long-term memory and can be used to adapt to certain types of situations efficiently and quickly. One thing is the same for all mental representations: despite the limitations of short-term memory, they allow people to process large amounts of information quickly. In fact, one might define a mental representation as a conceptual structure designed to circumvent the general limitations that short-term memory imposes on mental processing.

The main thing that separates great people from the rest of us is this: through years and years of practice, they have changed the neural circuits in their brains to create highly specialized mental representations that, in turn, make people Incredible memory, pattern recognition, problem solving, etc. are made possible, and they are also able to cultivate and develop various advanced abilities in order to excel in specific professional fields.

The best way to understand what these mental representations are and how they operate is to create good mental representations of the concept. As we mentioned earlier with the dog example, the best way to create mental representations for mental representations is to spend a little time getting to know them.

Outstanding people see "a forest" while everyone else only sees "a tree."

Fortune-telling

unconscious decision-making

Mental representations help interpret information

Mental representations help organize information

Mental representations help with planning

Mental representations facilitate efficient learning

Industries and fields that can be practiced deliberately

Learn what separates truly great violinists from those who are just great.

Difficulties in learning a type of thing

Improving is hard, and they don't like the hard work of doing it. Simply put, no student loves to practice, and therefore no student is more motivated than another. The reason why these students practice intensively and with passion and concentration is because they find that such practice is an indispensable factor in improving their playing.

Practice time is the most important difference

Evidence from a ballet dancer

More than just purposeful practice

Characteristics of deliberate practice

Maximizing the use of deliberate practice principles

Determine who is outstanding

Find out what separates great people from everyone else

The best way is to find a good mentor

What's wrong

right where

The first misconception is our old friend, the idea that someone's abilities are often limited by genetic traits. This kind of thinking often manifests itself in various "I can't" or "I'm not" statements: "I'm not a very creative person."

The second misconception is that if you do something long enough, you will get better at it. We know exactly where this thinking is wrong. Doing something the exact same way over and over again is not a recipe for improved performance and performance; it causes people to stop in their tracks and slowly decline.

The third misconception is that to improve, you just need to work hard. If you work hard enough, you will become better. If you want to become a better manager, work harder. If you want to sell more products or services, work harder. If you want to optimize your team collaboration, go the extra mile. But the reality is that all of these things, management, sales, and teamwork, are all specialized skills, and unless you use some exercises designed to improve those specific skills, no matter how hard you work harder, you won't get better at it. Big progress.

What you need to pay attention to

Ask a question

Simply put, this type of practice, reinforced with immediate feedback (either from a tutor or provided by a carefully designed computer program), can be an incredibly powerful way to improve performance. Furthermore, I think that radiology training would be more effective if we could try to identify the types of problems that may cause new radiologists to make diagnostic errors and design exercises that focus more on those problems, basically. The top is understanding more about the role mental representations play in making accurate diagnoses, and applying those understandings to design exercises.

Don't pay attention to skills and pay too much attention to knowledge. The main reasons are tradition and convenience: it's much easier to introduce knowledge to a large group of people than to create conditions in which people can improve their skills through practice.

As in many cases, once you've figured out how to ask the right question, you already know half the right answer.

When it comes to improving performance and performance in a professional or business context, the right question is "how do we improve relevant skills" rather than "how do we impart relevant knowledge".

Feedback facilitates timely corrections

Key Points: Look for comments that provide specific descriptions of the progress students have made and obstacles they have overcome.

It is particularly important to inquire about the potential mentor's training. No matter how many classes you take with your instructor each week, you mainly have to train yourself and complete the exercises assigned to you by your instructor. You want your instructor to guide you as much as possible during the class, not only teaching you how to practice, but also telling you what specific aspects to pay attention to, what mistakes you make, and how to recognize excellent performance. Remember: The most important thing a mentor can do is help you create mental representations so that you can monitor and correct your own performance.

You may need to change mentors as you change

Focus and commitment are crucial, so setting clear goals and shortening practice sessions is the best way to reach new skill levels more quickly. Putting 100% effort into practice in a shorter period of time will produce better results than putting in only 70% effort in practice over a longer period of time. Once you find that you can no longer focus effectively on your practice, stop. Be sure to get enough sleep each day so that you can maximize your concentration on your practice.

In order to improve, we have to create our own opportunities.

They paid attention to where they were wrong each time and corrected them. This is a purposeful practice. Doing the same thing over and over again without any purpose is not a good idea; the purpose of doing something over and over again is to find out where you are lacking, and focus on making progress in those areas, and try to use different methods to do it. Improve until you finally find what works for you.

First, there is little scientific evidence that there is a general "willpower" that can be used in any situation.

Second, there is a larger problem with the concept of willpower, involving the mistaken idea of ​​innate talent.

Reasons to keep going and reasons to stop.

Set aside a regular time to practice, uninterrupted by all other obligations and distractions.

Basic knowledge

eventually tend to nature

inner

external

Another important motivational factor in deliberate practice is the belief that you can succeed.

Gather together everyone who is interested in the same thing, or attract them to an existing group, and use the camaraderie and shared goals of the group as additional motivation to reach your own goals.

Break down the long journey into a series of manageable goals and focus on one of them at a time. You can even give yourself a small reward every time you reach a goal.

One of the hallmarks of great people is that even when they become the best in the world in their industry or field, they still work on their practice skills and keep improving. It's when they arrive at the forefront of an industry or field that we'll find those brave trailblazers who have gone beyond anyone else and shown us what's possible.

What factors did those who became outstanding people have in their childhood that could explain why they cultivated and developed those outstanding abilities that made them stand out from ordinary people?

In the first stage, adults introduce children to the field or industry they will eventually work in in a playful way.

The second stage is the guidance and encouragement of adults. In fact, children can get feedback, because children do not have social standards, and some of them come from feedback from their natural parents.

The third stage is about industries that parents are interested in, conduction, and further what children subconsciously like to do.

When a child sees his brother or sister engaged in a certain activity and receiving attention and praise from his father or mother, he will naturally want to join in and receive the same attention and praise from his parents.

Physical adaptability is greatly affected by age

Mental adaptability is stronger than physical fitness

Greater heights achieved through deliberate practice.

The process of innovation is always a long, slow and iterative process.

Creation is making something that people haven’t seen or experienced yet.

Those who are creative, restless, and enterprising are never satisfied with the status quo. They look for ways to move forward and do something that no one else has done.

In the long run, those who practice harder will prevail, not those who initially have a slight advantage in IQ or other talents.