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Principles of preschool education
This is a mind map on the principles of preschool education, and its main contents include: "Guidelines for Learning and Development of Children Aged 3-6", "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education (Trial)", kindergarten class management, overview and development of early childhood education, and overview of education.
Edited at 2025-02-18 19:52:12
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Principles of preschool education
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- Outline
Principles of preschool education
An overview of education
The concept and nature of education
The concept of education
Education in a broad sense
Social education, school education and family education
Education in a narrow sense
School education
The nature of education
Education is a social practice activity that cultivates people in a purposeful, planned and organized manner.
Basic elements of education
Educators, educated, and educational influences
Educational conditions are the most important component in children's social environment, and are the most purposeful, directional and organized environment to guide children's development.
Educational conditions are the most important ingredient
Regular education is conducted in schools
Purpose of education
concept
Broadly
What people expect from educated people
narrow sense
Specific requirements for schools at all levels and types
Educational purpose hierarchy
The purpose of the country's education
Training objectives of schools at all levels and types
Course Objectives
Teaching objectives
The status of educational purpose
The purpose of education is the core issue of the entire education and leads the direction of the entire education work. The purpose of education is the starting point of all education work and the final destination of educational activities.
The functions of education
The basic rules of education
The relationship between education and political system
The relationship between education and economy
Economics are the foundation of education
The role of education in promoting the economy
The relationship between education and human development
Overview and development of early childhood education
An overview of early childhood education
concept
Early childhood education is 3-6 and 7 years old
nature
Basic
Public welfare
Respect the public interests of members of society
The goal of kindergarten education in our country
Implement education on comprehensive development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics and other aspects for young children
The dual tasks of kindergartens in our country
Implement childcare and education for young children
Provide scientific parenting guidance for parents
Development of early childhood education
The emergence and development of early childhood education institutions
In 1837, Frobel founded a child care institution, and in 1840 it was named "Kindergarten"
Father of Kindergarten: Flobel
From then on, the world's first kindergarten was born
In 1903, my country established the first early childhood education institution-Hubei Kindergarten
The earliest public welfare education institution
In 1904, it was renamed Wuchang Mengcai Hospital
The nurturing and budding stage of early childhood education
The stage of pregnancy
Plato
"The Ideal Country"
Propose social education
Children are state-owned
Aristotle
Political Science
Breastfeeding; family planning
Kuntiliang
"Principles of Eloquence"
Emphasize the development of language in infancy
Germination stage
Comenius
"Maternal School"
The first monograph on early childhood education
"The World Illustration"
The first textbook for children to read pictures and read literacy
"The Great Teaching"
The birth of education
Educational Thoughts
Propose the educational proposal of "pan-intellectual"
Teach all knowledge to everyone
status
"Copernicus in the history of education" and "father of pedagogy"
Rousseau
Representative work
"Aimier"
From scientific knowledge orientation to children's experience orientation
Educational Theory
The theory of nature education was proposed
Advocate education to follow nature and follow children's nature
Educational Purpose
Cultivate "natural persons"
Educational Methods
Natural consequences
Pestalozi
The world's first slogan to clearly put forward the "Educational Psychological"
Viewpoint
Promote emotional education
"Love Education"
Children's love for their mothers is the most basic element
Locke (UK)
Representative work
"Educational Talk"
theory
"Whiteboard Says"
Educational Purpose
Advocate "gentleman education"
Startup stage
Frobel
Representative work
"Mother and Children's Song"
Preschool education thoughts
Education should adapt to children's development
Education is based on children's self-activity
Games have important educational value
Good thing: unchanged
Homework: variable
Montessori
Representative work
"The Secret of Childhood" "Absorbable Mind"
In 1907, the "Children's House" was founded in Rome.
Educational Thoughts
Children's psychological development concept: Psychological absorption
The principle of education: gain freedom
Course content: Sensory education - Tactile training
Dewey (USA)
Important representatives of "Child-centrism"
The essence of education: education is growth; education is life; education is transformation of experience
Education means growth means that education is based on children's instincts and abilities.
Activity Course Theory: "Children's Center", "Activity Center" and "Experience Center"
Chen Heqin
The father of Chinese preschool education
Practical contribution
In 1923, it founded the earliest experimental center for early childhood education in my country-Nanjing Gulou Kindergarten
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, my country's first public kindergarten teacher school was established - Jiangxi Province Experimental Teacher
Schools for cultivating preschool teachers
Theoretical contribution (living educational theory)
The teleology of living education
Be a human being, be a Chinese, be a modern Chinese
The curriculum theory of living education
Nature and society are living textbooks
Five-finger activity
healthy
literature
society
science
Art
The whole teaching method
The whole, system, not just
Methodology of living education
Learn by doing, teach by doing, seek progress by doing
Tao Xingzhi
People's educator
Founded Nanjing Yanziji Kindergarten, the first rural kindergarten in my country
Educational Thoughts
The purpose of life education
Education for life
Contents of life education
Life is education
Methodology of life education
Integrate teaching and be centered
Liberate children's creativity
Six Liberation of Creativity
mind
Two hands
Eye
mouth
time
space
(Xiaozhuang School) Note: The young master's system and the art friend's system
Methods for cultivating preschool teachers: Art Friendship System
Zhang Xuemen
Status: It is known as "Southern Chen, Bei Zhang"
Chen Xueqin; Zhang Xuemen
Educational Thoughts
Behavioral Courses
The practice of children aged five or six in kindergarten is behavioral course
Horse riders should learn from horseback
New stage
Principles and characteristics of kindergarten education
General principles of kindergarten education
Respect children's personal dignity and legitimate rights and interests
Development Suitability Principle
Proximal Development Zone
Principles of objective
Have certain goals
Subjectivity principle
Children are the subject of learning
Scientific and ideological principles
Fully explore educational resources and adhere to the principle of open school management
Utilize resources outside the park
Integrity principle
Integration of various fields
The subjects should be integrated and resources should be appropriate
Special principles of kindergarten education
The principle of combining care and education
Principles of basic activities
The principles of activity and intuitiveness of education
Principles of life-oriented and one-day activities
Characteristics of kindergarten education
Enlightenment
Life-oriented
Gameplay
Activity
Potentiality
Live in a sleepwalk
Kindergarten class management
Overview of kindergarten classes
The class is a grassroots organization of kindergartens and a basic unit for implementing kindergarten education and education tasks.
The class has the most direct impact on the development of young children
Purpose and significance of kindergarten class management
Purpose
Develop children's self-discipline and orderly behavior
Guarantee of normal life and study in kindergarten
Develop good emotions and emotions in young children
significance
Ensure the implementation of education and promote social development
Promote the harmonious and comprehensive development of young children's physical and mental health
Contents of kindergarten class management
Life management
Educational Management
Other management
Other management services life management and education management
Principles of kindergarten class management
Subjectivity principle
The principle of integrity
Participatory principle
Principle of high efficiency
Methods of kindergarten class management
Rule-guided method
Most commonly used
Emotional communication method
Empathy
Interactive guidance
Teacher; companion; environment
Model motivation method
Target guidance method
"Guidelines for Kindergarten Education (Trial)"
July 2001
Part One General Provisions
Article 2
Kindergarten education is an important part of basic education and the basic stage of school education and lifelong education in my country.
Article 3
Kindergartens should work closely with families and communities, connect with primary schools, comprehensively utilize various educational resources, and jointly create good conditions for the development of young children.
Article 5
Kindergarten education should respect the personality and rights of children, respect the regular characteristics of physical and mental development of children, take games as the basic activity, pay attention to both education and education, pay attention to individual differences, and promote the development of each child with a personality.
Part 2 Educational content and requirements
The educational content of kindergartens is comprehensive and enlightening, and can be relatively divided into architectural kg, language, society, science, and art. Contents in various fields penetrate each other, and promote the development of children's emotions, attitudes, abilities, knowledge, skills, etc. from different angles
healthy
Target
Be healthy, be calm and happy in collective life
Good living and hygiene habits, basic ability to take care of yourself
Know the necessary safety and health knowledge and learn to protect yourself
Like to participate in sports activities, coordinate movements and be flexible
language
Target
Be willing to communicate with others and speak politely
Pay attention to listening to each other's speech and be able to understand daily words
Be able to clearly say what you want to say
Like to listen to stories and read books
Be able to understand and speak Mandarin
society
Target
Be able to actively participate in various activities and have confidence
Willing to interact with others, learn to help each other, cooperate and share, and be compassionate
Understand and abide by the basic social behavior rules in your schedule
Be able to work hard to do what you can, not be afraid of difficulties, and have a preliminary sense of responsibility
Love parents, elders, teachers and companions, love the collective, love hometown, love the motherland
science
Target
Have curiosity and desire for knowledge about things around you
Mainstream Thoughts
Can use various senses, use hands and brains to explore problems
The process and results of being able to express and communicate in appropriate ways
Be able to feel the quantitative relationship between things from life and games and experience the importance and fun of mathematics
Caring for animals and plants, caring about the surrounding environment, being close to nature, cherishing natural resources, and having a preliminary environmental awareness
Art
Target
Tender initially feels and loves the beauty in the environment, life and art
Love to participate in art activities and be able to express your emotions and experiences boldly
Be able to perform artistic expression activities in your favorite way
Part 3 Organization and Implementation
Article 8
The environment is an important educational resource, and the development of young children should be effectively promoted through the creation and utilization of the environment.
Article 9
Family is an important partner in kindergarten
Principles: Respect, equality, cooperation
How to arrange your daily life scientifically and reasonably
The time arrangement should be relatively stable, which is conducive to the formation of order, and can meet the reasonable needs of young children, taking care of individual differences
The combination of direct guidance and indirect guidance from teachers ensures that children have appropriate independent choices and free time to move around every day. The group activities directly guided by teachers should ensure that children actively participate and avoid implicit waste of time.
Minimize unnecessary collective action and transitional links, reduce and eliminate negative waiting phenomena
Establish good routines, avoid unnecessary management behaviors, and gradually guide children to learn self-management
Article 10
Teachers should become supporters, collaborators and guides of early childhood learning activities
Part 4 Educational evaluation
Article 4
The evaluation of kindergarten education work is based on teachers' self-evaluation, and the principal and relevant managers, other teachers and parents participate in the evaluation.
Article 8
When assessing the development status of young children, please pay attention to:
Acknowledge and pay attention to individual differences in children, avoid using uniform standards to evaluate different children, and use horizontal comparisons with caution in front of children
Looking at children from a developmental perspective, we must not only understand the current level, but also pay attention to their development speed, characteristics and tendencies.
"Guidelines for Learning and Development of Children Aged 3-6"
illustrate
3. The Guide describes the learning and development of young children from five fields.
Each aspect consists of two parts: Learning and Development Goals and Educational Recommendations
The target part puts forward reasonable expectations for what children in the three age groups should know, what they can do, and what development level they can reach in the three age groups, and points out the specific direction of children's learning and development; the educational suggestions part lists some educational advancements and methods that can effectively help and promote children's learning and development.
4. The following aspects should be grasped in the implementation of the Guidelines
Pay attention to the integrity of children's learning and development
Respect individual differences in children's development
Understand children's learning methods and characteristics
Pay attention to the learning quality of young children
healthy
Health refers to a person's good condition in terms of physical, psychological and social adaptation.
Ensure that children sleep 11-12 hours a day, and the nap should generally reach about 2 hours.
Children's outdoor activities are generally at least 2 hours a day, including no less than 1 hour of physical activities. They must insist on the change of seasons.
Small class
Throw the ball upward with both hands
Middle class
Continuous self-selling
Large class
Continuous ball shot
Small class
Eat with a spoon skillfully
Middle class
Can eat with chopsticks
Large class
Proficient in using chopsticks
Balance ability
Walk on a balance beam, or walk along the ground straight lines or along the ridges of the field; play hopscot, shuttlecock kicking, blindfolded walking, small stilts and other games
language
Children's language ability is developed in the process of communication and application.
Middle class
Willing to express your wishes and ideas with pictures and symbols
Large class
Can write your name correctly; correct posture when writing and painting
society
Interpersonal communication and social adaptation are the main contents of children's social learning and the basic way of their social development.
The sociality of young children is mainly developed subtly through observation and imitation in daily life and games.
science
The thinking characteristics of young children are mainly based on specific figurative thinking. They should focus on guiding young children to learn scientifically through direct perception, personal experience and practical operations. They should not instill and strengthen training in children in order to pursue the mastery of knowledge and skills.
Small class
Pay attention and discover that the surrounding animals and plants are diverse
Middle class
Be able to perceive and discover the growth changes of animals and plants and their basic conditions
Large class
Detect the adaptive relationship between the appearance characteristics, habits and living environment of animals and plants
Art
You cannot judge children with your own aesthetic standards, and you cannot train them in the same way to pursue perfect results.
When children draw, it is not advisable to provide model paintings, especially children should not be required to draw completely according to model paintings.
Singing: Natural sounds sing