Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born in 1828 in an aristocratic family at the Yasnaya Polyna Manor in Tula Province, Russia, and received a good education since childhood. In his early years, he studied Eastern languages ​​and law at Kazan University. Although he had not completed his studies, he had extensive knowledge of literature, philosophy and other fields, laying a solid foundation for his creation.

When he was young, Tolstoy joined the army. His experiences in the Caucasus and Crimean wars gave him a deep understanding of war, and these experiences also became important materials for his creation of war scenes in "War and Peace".

He has been paying attention to Russian social issues throughout his life and actively participated in social reform. His ideas have gradually matured through continuous exploration. His reflection on the life of aristocratic and sympathy for the lower-class people are permeated in his works.

Tolstoy's creative career lasted for more than 60 years, leaving behind many immortal works. In addition to "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina" uses delicate brushstrokes to depict the tragedy of aristocratic life and love, and explores family, marriage and social moral issues; "Resurrection" deeply criticizes the darkness and corruption of Russian society through the stories of Nekhludov and Maslova.

His works are known for their profound insight into human nature, grand narrative structure and vivid character shaping. They have had a profound impact on the development of world literature and are recognized as one of the world's literary masters.

During the period of creation in 1861-1869, Russia was in a period of drastic social transformation. The serfdom reform in 1861 was a major event in Russian history, marking Russia's transition from feudal serfdom to capitalism.

Although the reform liberated productivity to a certain extent, it also triggered a series of social contradictions. The aristocratic class faced changes in economic and social status, farmers still faced poverty and exploitation after gaining freedom, and the gap between the rich and the poor in society further widened.

At the same time, Russia faces pressure from European powers internationally. The failure in the Crimean War exposed Russia's military and economic backwardness, prompting Russia to carry out modernization reforms.

At that time, the Russian literary world was at its heyday of critical realism. Writers paid attention to social reality, revealed social problems through literary works, and criticized the darkness and injustice of society.

Influenced by this trend of thought, Tolstoy tried to show the full picture of Russian society in the war and peace period through "War and Peace", reflecting the lives and thoughts of people of different classes, as well as the impact of historical development on personal destiny.

Tolstoy originally planned to write novels about the Decline, a progressive group among the Russian aristocracy who tried to overthrow the Tsarist autocracy through revolution, but ultimately failed.

During the creation process, Tolstoy's vision gradually expanded, and he turned his attention to the Russian history between 1805 and 1820, with the Patriotic War of 1812 as the core, showing the great changes in Russian society during the war and peace period, as well as the changes in people's thoughts and emotions in this process.

"War and Peace" is regarded as the pinnacle of Russian literature. It presents the vast picture of Russian society with its grand historical background, rich characters and profound ideological connotations, and has become a classic work in the history of Russian literature.

The works comprehensively depict the political, economic, cultural, military and other aspects of Russian society, reflecting the main contradictions and problems of Russian society at that time, and providing precious materials for future generations to understand Russian history and culture.

In the field of world literature, War and Peace also plays an important role. It is translated into multiple languages ​​and is widely spread around the world, and is loved and praised by readers from all over the world.

Its profound insight into human nature, thinking about war and peace, and depiction of love and friendship transcends the limitations of time and space, resonates with readers of different cultural backgrounds, and becomes a treasure in the treasure house of world literature.

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In aristocratic social occasions in St. Petersburg, such as luxurious dance parties and elegant salons, major figures such as Pierre, Andre, and Natasha appeared one after another. Pierre first entered the social circle and was full of curiosity and confusion about everything around him; Andre returned to St. Petersburg with the fatigue of war and thoughts about life, eager to find new meanings in life in society; Natasha attracted everyone's attention with her youthful vitality and innocence.

These social occasions show the luxurious life of the nobles, who wear gorgeous clothes and talk about politics, art and fashion, and also reveal the complex interpersonal relationships and social unspoken rules between the nobles, such as the struggle for power, the exchange of interests and emotional entanglements.

Andre met Natasha at a dance and was moved by her beauty and innocence, and the two soon fell in love and got engaged. However, while waiting for Andre to return, Natasha was confused by Anatoly's sweet words and almost elope with him. This behavior led to the termination of her engagement with Andre, who was deeply hurt and went to war again.

Pierre married Helen, but discovered Helen's debauchery and infidelity, and he fell into a painful marriage life. He tried to escape pain through various ways, such as participating in social activities and pursuing new ideas and beliefs, but he could not escape his inner troubles.

Nicholas and Sonia are childhood sweethearts and have a deep relationship, but due to family opposition and differences in social status, their relationship faces many tests. At the same time, Nicholas also met Princess Maria in social interactions, and a subtle emotion developed with her.

It presents the luxurious life of the nobles, who live in luxurious palaces and manors, possess a large amount of land and wealth, and enjoy various privileges. They hold grand balls and banquets, pursuing material enjoyment and spiritual entertainment.

The corruption in the officialdom is also reflected in the works. Officials embezzle and bribe, and use any means to do so for personal interests, and political struggles are fierce. The hypocrisy and vanity of the upper class are also portrayed to the fullest. People are polite on the surface, but in fact they are full of jealousy, resentment and scheming.

In sharp contrast to the luxurious life of the nobles, the living conditions of the lower class people, who live in poverty and are exploited and oppressed by landlords and nobles. The farmers work hard but find it difficult to make a living. Their children lack education and their lives are full of suffering and helplessness.

Napoleon led the French army to invade Russia, and the clouds of war enveloped the entire Russia. The Russian people rose up to resist, and major figures such as Andrei and Nikola also rushed to the battlefield and devoted themselves to the battle to defend the motherland.

The outbreak of the war brought a huge impact on Russian society, and people's lives have undergone earth-shaking changes. The nobles had to give up their luxurious life and contribute to the war; the lower class people were threatened by the cruelty of war and hunger.

The Russian and French forces fought fiercely in Borodino, which was the turning point of the war. The battlefield was filled with smoke and artillery fire. The soldiers fought bravely, and the blood stained the earth red. Andrei was brave in the battle, but unfortunately injured.

This battle shows the cruelty and ruthlessness of the war, the soldiers face the test of life and death, and their lives appear so fragile in the war. At the same time, it also portrays the bravery and patriotism of the Russian army. In order to defend the motherland, they sacrificed their lives at will.

After the French army occupied Moscow, a fire broke out in Moscow and the entire city fell into a sea of ​​fire. The fire lasted for several days, burning down a large number of houses and buildings and urbanizing into ruins.

The Russian people suffered great disasters, they lost their homes and loved ones, and their lives fell into despair. The Moscow fire also symbolizes the anger and resistance of the Russian people towards the invaders, who would rather burn their own city than let it fall into the hands of the enemy.

Pierre was captured during the war and was taken to Moscow by the French army. In prison, he met the soldier Praton Karatayev, who was deeply influenced by Karatayev's optimism, kindness and love for life, causing a profound change in his mind. He began to reflect on his life and gained a new understanding of issues such as war, peace, and human nature.

Andre died of serious injuries, and his departure brought great sorrow to Natasha and her family. Natasha has experienced hardships in the war and her character has become more mature and strong. She actively participated in the rescue of the wounded and showed a kind and brave side. Later, she married Pierre and found happiness in life.

Nicholas returned to his hometown after the war, married Maria and rebuilt his home together. They worked hard to restore the family industry, take care of their families, and live a peaceful and happy life.

After the war, Russian society began to be rebuilt. The government has taken a series of measures to restore the economy, such as encouraging agricultural production and developing industry. The nobles also began to reflect on their own lifestyles, and some began to participate in social reforms and contribute to the development of the country.

People have experienced the test of life and death in war and have a new understanding of life. They cherish peace more and yearn for a peaceful life. At the same time, war has also given people a deeper understanding of social inequality and injustice, and has promoted social progress and change.

The novel shows the blood, violence and cruelty of the war through detailed depictions of war scenes, such as the fighting, wounding and death of soldiers in the Battle of Borodino, as well as the ruins of the city and the suffering of the people after the Moscow fire.

It reveals the destruction of war on life and society, countless families are broken down, relatives are separated, and people live in fear and despair. At the same time, it also pointed out the absurdity of war. War is often triggered by the ambitions and desires of a few people, but ordinary people have to pay a heavy price for it.

The preciousness of peace is demonstrated through the characters' experiences in war and their desire for a peaceful life after the war. After the war, people returned to their hometowns one after another, working hard to rebuild their homes and pursue a peaceful life.

The work expresses the yearning and pursuit of peace, and calls on people to cherish peace and oppose war. Peace is not only a state of no war, but also a harmonious and peaceful living environment and the basis for people to achieve a happy life.

In the context of war and peace, the complexity of human nature is shown. When faced with the difficulties of war and life, characters such as Andre, Pierre, Natasha showed the brilliance of human nature such as kindness, courage, and perseverance. They sacrifice their own interests and even their lives for the sake of the country, their families, and their justice.

The selfishness, greed and hypocrisy of the Kulajin family reflect the ugliness of human nature. Anatoly's unruly and Helen's moral corruption, they used any means to bring harm to others in order to satisfy their desires.

The characters make different moral choices when facing love, friendship, family and national interests. Andre finally chose war between war and love and was loyal to the country; Natasha made a wrong choice under the temptation of love, but later she realized her mistakes and tried to make up for it; Pierre experienced painful struggles in her heart when facing Helen's infidelity, and finally chose tolerance and understanding.

The work explores the standards and significance of morality. In a complex social environment, how people stick to their moral bottom line and make the right choice is a question that the work deeply thinks about.

With the background of the Patriotic War in 1812, it shows the development and changes of history. The war changed the political landscape of Russia. The performance of the Tsarist government in the war exposed the corruption and incompetence of its rule, and triggered the people's dissatisfaction with the government and their desire for social change.

The war also promoted the transformation of Russian society. The aristocratic class suffered heavy blows in the war, and its economic strength and social status declined. The emerging bourgeoisie and intellectuals began to rise, demanding political reforms to promote Russia to modernize.

At the same time, the war inspired the national consciousness and patriotism of the Russian people, and promoted national unity and cohesion. This awakening of national consciousness has had a profound impact on Russia's future development and has become an important driving force for Russian social change.

The fate of the characters is ups and downs in war and peace. Andrei originally had lofty ideals for war and was eager to make achievements on the battlefield and realize his own life value. But the injury in the Battle of Austerlitz made him feel the fragility of life and the cruelty of war for the first time, and he doubted the meaning of life. Afterwards, his wife died of childbirth, and her love was shattered by Natasha's betrayal, and his fate was full of ups and downs.

Natasha has gone from an innocent and fantasy girl to a trough of life due to the temptation of Anatoly, and has experienced the setbacks of love and the accusations of everyone. During the war, she suffered from the destruction of her home and the separation of her relatives. The hardships of life allowed her to grow up quickly.

After Pierre inherited the estate, he thought he could live a prosperous and happy life, but he fell into an unfortunate marriage. Captured in the war, on the verge of life and death, after getting along with Praton Karataev, his thoughts changed drastically, and he finally found the destination of his life in his marriage to Natasha. The changes in the fate of these characters show the irrespectable fate and the impermanence of life.

Taking the stories of Rostov, Borkonsky, Bezukhov and the Kurakin family as the main line, multiple clues are intertwined. The experiences and interactions of these characters in different scenarios show all aspects of Russian society in all aspects, from the luxurious life of the aristocracy to the hard work of the civilians, from the political struggle in the officialdom to the life-and-death battle on the battlefield.

For example, when the war broke out, Andre rushed to the battlefield, Nicholas grew up in the army, Pierre experienced a change of thought in the rear, Natasha faced emotional twists and turns in the family, and the stories of characters from different families were closely linked in the context of the war, jointly promoting the development of the plot.

Switch between war and peace scenes, the tense war scenes are combined with soothing descriptions of daily life. During the Battle of Borodino, the intense and intense description of the war-filled smoke on the battlefield and the soldiers fighting bravely formed a sharp contrast with the relaxed scenes of the soldiers resting and talking in the camp after the war.

During peacetime, nobles held dance parties and salons, and people talked about love and exchanged ideas, and the rhythm was slowed down; when war broke out, the rhythm instantly accelerated, showing the urgency and cruelty of the war. This moderate plot arrangement makes the readers' reading experience rich and diverse, and enhances the artistic appeal of the work.

Through the characters' language, actions and psychological descriptions, create characters with distinct personalities. Natasha's enthusiasm and unrestrainedness at the dance, her laughter and agile dance posture fully demonstrated her lively and cheerful personality; Andre's calmness and decisiveness in the face of war, and his deep restraint when thinking about life problems are all reflected through his words and deeds and inner monologues.

Pierre's hesitation and struggle in the face of difficulties, as well as his kind and sincere heart, are also vividly revealed on the paper under the author's delicate description. These rich descriptions bring the characters to life, making readers feel as if they can see the every move of these characters with their own eyes and feel their joys, anger, sorrows, and happiness.

Shows the character's growth and transformation in war and peace. Natasha went from being naive and childish in her initial innocence and childishness to making mistakes due to the temptation of Anatoly, to becoming mature and strong after experiencing hardships during the war, knowing how to care for others, and actively participating in the rescue of the wounded.

Pierre gradually grew from a confused and weak noble child to a responsible and thoughtful person after experiencing marriage failure, war baptism and dating with Praton Karataev. The growth process of these characters makes the characters more full and three-dimensional, and allows readers to feel the changes in life and the power of growth.

The words are beautiful and smooth and poetic. The description of natural scenery, such as the description of Russia's vast grasslands, magnificent rivers, dense forests, etc., is full of picture feeling, making readers feel as if they are there.

When describing the emotions of the characters, the language is delicate and moving, and can deeply convey the emotional changes in the characters' hearts. For example, Andre's love for Natasha, from the initial heartbeat and admiration, to the pain and disappointment caused by betrayal, to the final inner tolerance and relief, the author uses delicate language to fully display these emotional changes.

The narrative contains profound philosophy and think about issues such as war, peace, human nature, and morality. By describing the cruelty of war, readers will think about the meaning and value of war; by showing the characters' choices in moral dilemma, they will explore the standards and bottom lines of morality.

For example, when describing Pierre's experience and ideological transformation in the war, the author deeply explored philosophical issues such as the good and evil of human nature and the meaning of life, which gave the work a profound ideological connotation and aroused readers' resonance and thinking.