1. Main components: water, inorganic salts, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, growth factors, etc. (P3-4)

2. Physical and chemical characteristics: pH value, etc. (P4)

3. Type and use: liquid culture medium/solid culture medium, natural culture medium/synthetic culture medium, selection culture medium/identification culture medium (P4-5, P19)

1. Utensils and culture medium—autopressure steam sterilization (tools: autoclave pot) P6

2. Components, air, etc. that are easily decomposed by heat or coking at high temperature - filtering and sterilization (tool: G6 glass sand funnel) P7

3. Inoculation tools such as inoculation rings, applicators, etc. - burning and sterilization (P7-8)

4. Ultra-clean workbench - Turn on the UV lamp (disinfection) and air filter switch before use P6

5. After the experiment is over, all used utensils, waste, etc. must be autoclaved and then washed or dumped P7

1. Flat plate scribing method (tool: inoculation ring) P11-12

2. Dilution coating plate method (tool: applicator) P12-13

Note: The target microorganism cannot be isolated from colony characteristics alone, and further identification is required.

1. Dilution coating method

2. Microscope counting method

Isolation and counting experiments of microorganisms that can decompose urea P19-22

1. Traditional fermentation technology

2. Modern fermentation industry