CPU manufacturer

CPU architecture: There is currently no authoritative and accurate definition of CPU architecture. Simply put, it is the design of the CPU core. It is a temporary name used by the CPU manufacturer at the beginning of the design and becomes the core code or R&D code.

Manufacturing process: The CPU manufacturing process we often refer to refers to the technical level of producing CPUs. The current mainstream production processes are 10nm and 7nm. More advanced manufacturing processes can bring lower power consumption and better overclocking potential.

32-bit and 64-bit CPU: 32/64-bit refers to the CPU bit width. A larger CPU bit width has two benefits

Main frequency, frequency multiplier, FSB, overclocking: CPU main frequency is the CPU operating frequency. In the single-core era, it is an important performance indicator and is generally measured in GHz. Since the development of CPU far exceeded the speed of memory, hard disk and other accessories, the concepts of frequency multiplication and FSB were proposed. Main frequency = external frequency * multiplier. Overclocking increases the main frequency by manually increasing the FSB or multiplier.

Number of cores and threads: Currently, CPUs have 2 cores, 3 cores, 4 cores, 5 cores, 6 cores, 8 cores, and 16 cores. In fact, increasing the number of cores is to increase the number of threads, so the operating system performs tasks through threads. Generally, there is a 1:1 reciprocal relationship, which means that a 4-core CPU generally has 4 threads.

Cache: Cache is also one of the important indicators that determine CPU performance. It is a memory chip on the hard disk controller. When the cache is consistent with the CPU speed, the CPU reads much faster than the CPU reads from memory, thus improving system performance. At present, mainstream CPUs have L1 core and L2 cache, and high-end CPUs have L3 cache.

Thermal design power consumption: TDP refers to the heat released by the CPU when it reaches its maximum load. The unit is Watt (W). It is mainly the reference standard for radiator manufacturers.

Hyper-threading technology: HT uses special hardware instructions to simulate a single physical core into two cores (logical cores), allowing each core to use thread-level parallel computing, making it compatible with multi-threaded operating systems and software. , reduce the idle time of the CPU and improve the operating efficiency of the CPU.

Turbo acceleration technology: By analyzing the current load of the CPU, the processor intelligently and completely shuts down some unused cores, leaving energy to the cores in use and allowing them to run at a higher frequency, further improving performance.

The motherboard, also known as the motherboard, motherboard, and system chassis, is one of the most important components of the computer system. Once the motherboard fails, the entire system cannot function properly.

The motherboard is mainly composed of sub-components, interfaces, circuits and buses.

The most important thing on the motherboard is the chipset. The motherboard chipset is the soul of the motherboard. It provides a common platform for the motherboard to connect different devices and control the communication of different devices.

Motherboard slots and interfaces: CPU slot, memory slot, SATA interface and M.2 interface, expansion slot, I/O backplane interface.

Dual-channel technology: Dual-channel memory slot means that the chipset can separately address and read data on two different data channels. These two memory channels work independently of each other and are attached to two memory controllers that work independently and in parallel. Dual-channel technology is a technology related to the motherboard core chipset and has nothing to do with the memory itself.

Main memory is also called internal storage, or memory for short. Its physical essence is one or more sets of integrated circuits with data input and output core data storage functions. (Information is lost due to power outage, and storage speed affects computer performance)

The appearance of desktop memory: From the appearance, it looks like strip-shaped boards, commonly known as memory sticks. There are memory particles on the card and a long row of golden contacts (gold fingers).

DDR is an indispensable core component of PC, and memory is constantly updated in various aspects such as specifications, technology, and bus bandwidth. DDR is also called DDR SDRAM. The original meaning is twice the speed of the previous generation of memory SDRAM. This is because SDRAM memory can only transmit data in the "rising band" of the clock cycle, while DDR memory can transmit data in both the "rising band" and "falling band" of a clock cycle.

Compared with DDR memory, the main improvement of DDR2 memory is that it can provide twice the bandwidth of DDR memory at the same intrinsic module speed. This is primarily achieved by using two DRAM cores per device for greater efficiency.

The design concept of DDR3 memory is not much different from that of DDR2 memory. It still increases the number of read-ahead bits by increasing the transmission rate. DDR3 memory pre-read bits are upgraded from 4bit to 8bit, so the frequency of the DRAM core is only 1/8 of the interface frequency.

There are three biggest differences between DDR4 memory and DDR3 memory.

Auxiliary memory, also called external memory, is a storage device that can store information for a long time. Unlike the memory, the information on the external memory is not lost when the power is turned off. Information on external storage is realized through mechanical components. Compared with the CPU's access to data, the speed is much lower, so the CPU does not directly exchange data with external storage.

Server hard drives generally use SCSI interfaces. Has the following four characteristics

Hard disk interfaces include IDE interface, SATA interface, and SCIS interface. The IDE interface is an early hard disk interface, and now the SATA interface has become the mainstream hard disk interface today.

Main performance indicators of memory

Main performance indicators of hard disk

Solid-state drive: SSD is a hard drive composed of a control unit and a solid-state storage unit (DRAM or Flash chip). Compared with traditional hard drives, solid-state drives have the characteristics of low power consumption, no noise, anti-vibration, and low heat. However, the disadvantages are also obvious: High cost, low capacity, limited write life, and irrecoverable data when damaged.

monitor

graphics card

Chassis

power supply

removable memory