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Mark Chao Quan Gong Ji-Philosophy
About Mark Chaoquan Public Base - Philosophical Mind Map, it mainly includes knowledge points such as introduction to philosophy, materialism, dialectics, epistemology, historical materialism, etc. The key parts have been marked!
Edited at 2024-01-26 15:50:52
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Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
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This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
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[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Mark Chao Quan Gong Ji-Philosophy
- Avatar Character Relationship Chart
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
- Zootopia 2 Easter Egg
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
- Zootopia 2 Character Relationship Chart
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
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- Outline
philosophy
Introduction to Philosophy
Philosophy and worldview
World (nature, human society) → understanding and transformation → world view (what it is) and methodology (how to do it) → theorizing and systematizing → philosophy (only Ma Zhe is scientific)
Worldview determines methodology, and methodology reflects worldview
philosophy and concrete science
General and specific, common and individual Philosophy is based on concrete science and develops with the development of concrete science; philosophy provides macro guidance for concrete science
basic questions of philosophy
thinking and being
What is primacy
materialism
Ancient simple materialism: simplify the specific form of matter into matter: metal, wood, water, fire, earth and air
Modern metaphysical materialism: atoms, machines
defect
Mechanical: Mechanical Materialism → Atomic
Metaphysics: isolation, stillness, one-sidedness
Connection, comprehensiveness, development → dialectics
Incompleteness: nature √ human society x (idealism) → semi-materialism
Ma Zhe
dialectical materialism
Materialism, dialectics, epistemology
historical materialism
historical materialism
idealism
subjective idealism
Human subjective spirit: person, self, heart, feeling, thought, concept
objective idealism
Objective spirit: Tao, reason, heaven, God, idea, absolute spirit
Is there any identity?
agnosticism and agnosticism
There is nothing incomprehensible in the world, only things that have not yet been recognized
Marxism and Ma Zhe
Marxist content
1||| Marxist Philosophy
Basics of natural science
Cell theory (Schleiden, Schwann, Germany) → Denies the theory of divine creation
Law of conservation and transformation of energy → movement, change, development
Darwin's Theory of Evolution→The development concept of human society: simple to complex, low-level to high-level
direct theoretical source
German classical philosophy (Hegel, Feuerbach)
Basic Features
The unity of practicality (primary), scientificity, revolutionary nature, development nature and people’s nature
historical changes
Created a scientific view of practice; realized the combination of materialism and dialectics, and the view of nature and history.
Theoretical basis
2||| Marxist Political Economy
direct theoretical source
British Classical Political Economy (Adam Smith, David Ricardo)
(Mage's) Movement and Proof
3||| Scientific Socialism
direct theoretical source
British Utopian Socialism (Saint-Simon, Fourier, Owen)
core and top
∴It is not a simple addition of three contents
materialism
substance ①The world is material
unique property of matter
objective reality
The existence form of matter/ fundamental/inherent properties
sports ②Matter is in motion
relationship between matter and motion
①Matter is matter in motion, and motion is the movement of matter
② Dissociate movement and talk about matter → learn from behavior (deny movement and talk about stillness → isolate and be still one-sided)
③Talking about movement without matter→Idealism (denies matter and considers it to be movement of consciousness)
relationship between motion and rest
Rest is a special state of motion
Difference: Movement is absolute and unconditional, while stillness is relative and conditional.
Connection: There is stillness in movement, and there is movement in stillness.
①Only recognize relative stillness and deny absolute motion→Metaphysics
eg. Carve a boat and seek a sword
②Only recognize absolute motion and deny relative stillness → Relativism/Sophistry
eg. Everything is born and dies. No one can step into the same river once (One cannot step into the same river twice√)
The material world is the unity (indivisible) of absolute motion and relative stillness Frequent test: 1. Lying down and looking at the sky full of clouds, I don’t know that the clouds are all east of me. 2. When a young boy leaves home and his boss comes back, his local pronunciation remains unchanged and his hair on his temples fades. 3. Sit on the ground and travel eighty thousand miles a day, survey the sky and see a thousand rivers in the distance
The existence form of material movement
time and space
Time: one dimension
The continuity and sequence of material movement
Space: three dimensions
Extensibility and stretchability of material motion
Objective laws and subjective initiative
law ③ Movement is regular
The inherent, essential, inevitable and stable connection in the movement of things
fundamental characteristics
objectivity
Laws are objective and do not depend on human will.
Can be divided into natural laws and social laws
Laws can be recognized, utilized, and respected, but cannot be created, changed, or eliminated.
subjective initiative
e.g. work hard
Dialectical Relations
1||| Respecting objective laws is the premise and basis for giving full play to people's subjective initiative
2||| Understand objective laws (practice) → Respect objective laws → Give full play to people’s subjective initiative and use laws → Transform the world
3||| Respecting objective laws and giving full play to people's subjective initiative are complementary and dialectically unified.
Consciousness (unique to humans)
origin
Consciousness is the product of the long-term development of nature and the development of social history. Labor plays a decisive role in the emergence of consciousness.
Nature
It is the subjective reflection of the human brain on objective existence.
Consciousness is the function of the human brain, and the human brain is the material organ of consciousness.
effect
1||| Consciousness activities are purposeful and planned
2||| Consciousness activities are proactive, creative, and consciously selective
3||| Consciousness has the role of (guiding practice) in transforming the objective world
Indirect transformation √ Direct transformation ×
4||| Consciousness has the function of regulating human body activities
eg. high-spirited → forge ahead, dispirited → retreat
The relationship between matter and consciousness
①Material determines consciousness
②Consciousness reacts on matter
Correct consciousness promotes the development of objective things
Wrong consciousness hinders the development of objective things
Consciousness can promote the development of things × Be sure to bring the correct/wrong ones
️️Frequent test: Consciousness can produce/derive matter × Consciousness can be directly transformed into matter × Consciousness can be transformed into matter √ (Consciousness can be transformed into matter through practice, but it cannot be transformed directly)
methodology
Everything should be based on reality, seek truth from facts, respect objective laws and give full play to initiative
Adhere to the guiding role of correct consciousness
dialectics
Two major points of view
connect
feature
objectivity
An objective phenomenon inherent in the thing itself, independent of human will
universality
Emphasis on whether there is any connection → There is always a connection, everything is connected, there is no isolated thing (but direct, indirect, accidental, inevitable, etc.)
Everything is connected√
conditionality
There is not a connection between any two things, and certain conditions need to be established
eg.Me and Trump
Diversity
Various forms (direct/indirect, inevitable/accidental, internal/external)
relationship between whole and part
the difference
The whole has functions that some parts don’t have at all
When the parts are combined in an orderly manner, the function of the whole is greater than the sum of the functions of the parts (1 1>2)
The function of the whole is always greater than the sum of the functions of the parts × (needs to be combined in an orderly manner)
connect
interdependence
The whole is composed of parts. Without the parts, there is no whole.
A part is a part of the whole. Without the whole, there is no part.
affect each other
Under certain conditions, key parts play a decisive role in the whole
️eg. The barrel effect activates the whole body
methodology
A holistic perspective requires us to focus on the organic whole (big picture) when observing and dealing with problems.
The partial view requires us to handle the local aspects well while taking the overall situation into consideration.
methodology
The point of view of connection is a basic point of view of materialist dialectics. It requires that we must grasp things, understand problems and deal with problems from the real connection of objective things themselves.
develop
feature
Development is forward, upward movement
Development is movement, movement is not necessarily development
substance
The birth of new things and the death of old things
New things: in line with the historical direction and have great future
Old things: dying out
Development vs Change
Development is an upward and forward movement, change is not necessarily an upward and forward movement
eg. After three days of separation, you should look at each other with new eyes.
methodology
Persist in looking at problems from a development perspective
Three major rules
The law of mutual transformation of quality Reveal the form and status of the development of things
The dialectical relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change
1||| Quantitative change is the necessary prerequisite/basis/preparation for qualitative change, and qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change.
2||| There is some qualitative change in the total quantitative change
There is me in you, and you in me, interpenetrating each other.
eg. In the accumulation of quantitative changes to achieve common prosperity, some families have achieved prosperity (qualitative changes)
3||| The development of things always proceeds from quantitative changes to qualitative changes, and then starts new quantitative changes and new qualitative changes on the basis of new qualities. This cycle goes back and forth, alternating with each other, and even endlessly.
The distinguishing mark between quantitative change and qualitative change
Degree: grasp the appropriateness
eg. The sum of quantitative changes constitutes the qualitative change of things × (not simple accumulation, but must reach a certain degree)
methodology
Pay attention to the accumulation of quantity (good) and create conditions to promote things to transform in a good direction
Prevent the slightest change (bad)
eg. A thousand-mile dike collapses in an ant nest
Adhere to the principle of moderation
law of negation Reveal the direction and path of development of things
dialectical negation
It is negation that includes affirmation (all affirmation/negation → metaphysics), it is the self-negation of things, and it is both a link of development and a link of connection.
The essence of dialectical negation is - sublation, both inheritance and development, both overcoming and retaining
content
The development of anything must go through "two negations" and "three stages": affirmation → negation stage → negation of negation stage
This law reveals that the development of things is the unity of progress and twists and turns.
The general trend of development of things is forward and upward The path of development of things is tortuous
There is no way out in the mountains and rivers, but there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers. The edge of the sword comes from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from the bitter cold. After going through heaven and reaching this state, everything in the world will be difficult
methodology
Oppose the negative view of metaphysics that affirms everything and denies everything
Adopt a scientific analysis attitude towards everything
Grasp the general trend of development of things and correctly treat progress and twists and turns
law of unity of opposites Reveal the source and driving force of the development of things (The essence and core of dialectics)
contradiction
Meaning: The unity of opposites is a contradiction
basic properties of contradiction
Identity
The two contradictory parties are interdependent and interconnected, and can transform into each other under certain conditions (relative, conditional)
eg. Daughter-in-law becomes mother-in-law Whether it is extremely peaceful or not What is lost is gained in the east. Extreme joy brings sorrow
Fighting
The conflicting parties are mutually separated and mutually exclusive, which is absolute and unconditional
relation
Struggle lies in identity
Dialectical relationship between internal and external factors
Internal causes → internal contradictions of things; external causes → external contradictions of things
relation
Internal factors are the fundamental reasons for the development of things and the basis for changes
eg. The master leads you to practice in person
External factors are the conditions for the change and development of things
External factors work through internal factors (internal factors must be combined, external factors cannot work alone)
The fluffy hemp grows in the hemp, and it becomes straight without support (external cause) Mencius’ mother moved three times (external causes) Flies don’t bite seamless eggs (internal cause) The one who destroyed the Six Kingdoms was the Six Kingdoms, not Qin (internal reason)
The development of things is the result of the joint action of internal and external factors
The universality and particularity of contradictions
universality (commonality)
Contradiction exists in the development process of everything (there are contradictions everywhere)
There are contradictory movements from beginning to end in the development of things (there are always contradictions)
peculiarity (personality)
Contradictions and various aspects of contradictions contained in specific things have their own characteristics. They are the essence of one thing that distinguishes other things, and are the basis for all differences in things in the world.
relation
It is the relationship between commonality and individuality, general and individual, which can transform into each other under certain conditions.
eg.Stationery: pen Pen: calligraphy pen
Universality resides in particularity (universality resides in individuality)/Particularity contains universality and is expressed through particularity
Methodology: Concrete analysis of specific issues→The living soul of Marxism
Unbalanced development of contradictions
Decisive → the main aspect of the main contradiction
Dialectical Relations
Primary & Secondary Contradictions
Influence and interact with each other, and can transform into each other under certain conditions.
The principal contradiction determines and restricts the secondary contradictions, and the secondary contradictions also influence and react on the principal contradiction.
Main & Secondary Aspects of Conflict
Influence and interact with each other, and can transform into each other under certain conditions.
The primary aspect determines and controls the secondary aspect, and the secondary aspect also affects and reacts on the primary aspect
The nature of things is determined by the main aspects of the main contradiction
How to do the questions
How to do [focus, center, key, top priority, first place] - grasp the main contradiction How to look at [mainstream, subject, nature, overall] - grasp the main aspects of the contradiction
methodology
Adhere to the unity of the two-point theory (the main contradiction and the secondary contradiction) and the key point theory (the main aspects of the contradiction), and oppose the one-point theory and the balance theory Adhere to the key point theory in the two-point theory. The key point theory is based on the two-point theory.
Five pairs of categories
cause and effect
The cause comes first, the result comes last, causing and being caused
There is no causal relationship between any successive phenomena, there must be a relationship between causing and being caused.
inevitable and accidental
Inevitability plays a decisive role in the development of things and determines the direction of development of things
Accident affects the development of things, accelerating/delaying the development of things
Possibility and reality
What may happen & what has happened
content and form
Content determines form, and form reacts on content
eg. The state system (people’s democratic dictatorship) determines the government system (people’s congress system)
Essence and Phenomenon
The essence is the commonality of similar phenomena and is relatively stable.
Phenomenon is individual, one-sided, changeable and perishable
epistemology
Three cores
practice
concept
Social and objective material activities in which human beings purposefully and actively transform and explore the objective world.
Composed of subject, object and intermediary (tool)
Basic Features
objective materiality
The subject, object, means, results and other processes are objective
Subjective initiative: practical activities are purposeful and conscious
The difference between human practical activities and biological negative adaptive activities
Social Historicity: Practice is the way people and society exist
Direct reality: turning ideas into reality
The difference between practice and knowledge
Basic form
Material production practice (the most basic), practice of adjusting social relations (social practice), spiritual and cultural creation practice (scientific experiment)
know
concept
Cognition is the active reflection of the subject on the object based on practice
Different answers to understanding between materialism and idealism
Practice→Understand VS Understand→Practice
truth
Concept: people’s correct reflection of objective things and laws
Fallacy: an incorrect response to…
feature
Objectivity (fundamental attribute) There is only one truth
The content is objective and contains objective content that does not depend on human will.
The standard for testing it is objective, and the standard for testing truth is objective practice
Specificity (conditional)
Truth is the correspondence between subjectivity and objectivity at a certain time, place and condition.
absoluteness and relativity
Absoluteness
Any truth is absolutely right under the conditions it applies to; people will eventually understand the world, unconditionally
relativity
The truth obtained under any conditions has its own applicable conditions and scope
relation
Both opposition and unity
There is absolute in relative, and absolute resides in relative: the absoluteness of truth is expressed through relativity
Two major laws
The law of development of knowledge
two leaps
The first time: perceptual understanding and rational understanding
Perceptual knowledge: understanding of things and external connections (what it is) Rational understanding: understanding of the essence and internal connections of things (what is analysis)
The second time: Reason recognizes practice
relation
Rational knowledge depends on perceptual knowledge, and perceptual knowledge is the starting point of cognitive activities
The relationship between practice and knowledge
Practice determines understanding
Practice is the only source of knowledge
Practice is the driving force for cognitive development
Practice is the purpose and destination of understanding
Practice is the only criterion for testing whether understanding is correct or not
Understanding guides practice
Correct understanding plays a role in promoting Wrong understanding hinders
Understanding can promote practice×
Understanding is repetitive, infinite, and rising
From practice to understanding, from understanding to practice, practice, understanding, practice again, understanding again, the movement of understanding continues to repeat and develop infinitely
methodology
Uphold and develop truth in practice
historical materialism
Basic Issues in the View of History
The relationship between social existence and social consciousness
historical materialism
Believes that social existence determines social consciousness
Idealistic view of history
Believes that social consciousness determines social existence
The relationship between social existence and social consciousness
social existence
It is the sum of the conditions of social material life, including
geographical environment
Demographic factors
constitute the natural material basis for social existence and development
Mode of production (decisive): productivity, production relations
Social awareness
It is the spiritual life of social life and the overall response of social existence.
Relative opposition cannot exist independently from social existence.
appears in
Incomplete synchronicity and imbalance in the development and changes of social consciousness and social existence
The development of social consciousness has historical inheritance
Interactions and interactions between social consciousness
Social consciousness has an active reaction on social existence
relation
dialectical unity
Social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness has a counterproductive effect on social existence (correct promotion, incorrect hindrance)
productivity and production relations
Productivity: the relationship between man and nature
productivity factors
Substantive factors: workers (the most active leading factor), labor materials (intermediaries, production tools), labor objects
Intelligence/permeability factors: science and technology, scientific management, education
Production relations: economic relations between people
include
①Ownership relations of production means ②People’s status and mutual relations in the production process ③Distribution relations of products
relation
Productivity determines production relations, and production relations react on productivity
economic base and superstructure
economic basis
The sum of the dominant production relations in society
Superstructure (class character, state power)
social ideology political and legal system
political superstructure
National political system, legislative and judicial system, government agencies, political parties, military, courts, prisons
ideological superstructure
Morality, religion, philosophy and other ideological and cultural
relation
The economic base determines the superstructure, and the superstructure has an active reaction on the economic base.
expand
The west
Class struggle
my country resolves conflicts
reform
Relations of production
Economic system reform to adapt to productivity
superstructure
Reform the political system to adapt to the economic foundation
Mass view of history
The role of the people in historical development
The people are the main body of social history and play a decisive role in the development of social history.
Reflected in
The people are the decisive force for social change
The social practice of the people is the creator/source of social material wealth
The social practice of the people is the creator/source of social spiritual wealth
The role of the individual in history
It does not play a decisive role and accelerates/slows down the development of history, but it cannot transcend the role of the people.
Adhere to the party's mass line
Content: Everything is for the masses, everything relies on the masses; Working methods: From the masses, to the masses
Human nature and human value
human nature
is the sum total of all social relations
Have natural attributes and social attributes (distinguish between humans and animals)
Human values
Social value (first), self-worth
historical process of social development
Economic and social form
5 ways to divide
Primitive society-slave society-feudal society-capitalist society-communist society
3 division methods
Natural economy-commodity economy-product economy
technological social form
Fishing and hunting society-agricultural society-industrial society-information society
4 pairs of relationships
Principles for answering questions: ① The statement is incorrect ② It does not match the question