1. Work together and share the means of production

2. Form a relationship of equality and mutual assistance in production

3. Equally distribute the products of labor

1. The slave owner owns the means of production and completely owns the slaves

2. Slaves have no personal freedom and work under the compulsion of their slave owners.

3. All means of production of slaves are owned and controlled by slave owners, and slave owners only give slaves the minimum means of living.

1. Landlords occupy most of the land. Compared with slaves, farmers have certain personal freedom, their own working tools and even a small amount of land.

2. Landlords occupy most of the fruits of farmers’ labor by collecting land rent and other methods; in addition to paying land rent, landlords can also keep part of the fruits of labor for their own disposal

1. Capitalists own all means of production

2. Workers who lose their means of production have to sell their labor force and become employed by capitalists as wage workers.

3. Capitalists appropriate the surplus value created by workers during the production process

1. Workers jointly own the means of production

2. Eliminate the system of people exploiting people and establish a relationship of mutual assistance and cooperation between people in the production process.

3. Distribution of personal consumer goods according to work

1. Productivity and production relations, economic base and superstructure interact and influence each other, constituting the basic contradiction of society

2. Productivity must adapt to the production conditions, and the superstructure must adapt to the conditions of the economic base. This law determines the sequential formation and replacement of social forms and promotes the forward development of human society.

1. Capitalists own all means of production

2. Workers who lose their means of production have to sell their labor force and become employed by capitalists as wage workers.

3. Capitalists appropriate the surplus value created by workers during the production process

condition

way

secret

Features

source

1. Overproduction is the basic characteristic.

2. Overproduction is a relative surplus, that is, the commodities produced by society appear to be surplus relative to the needs of the working people who have the ability to pay, rather than an absolute surplus compared with the actual needs of the working people.

A large number of goods cannot be sold, a large number of production means are idle, a large number of production enterprises and banks have gone bankrupt, a large number of workers have lost their jobs, production has declined rapidly, credit relationships have been destroyed, and the entire social life has fallen into chaos.

1. The contradiction between the trend of unlimited expansion of production and the relatively shrinking demand of working people who have the ability to pay

2. The contradiction between the organized production within individual enterprises and the anarchy of society as a whole

The contradiction between the socialization of production and capitalist private ownership of the means of production is the basic contradiction of capitalist society

The contradiction between the socialization of production and capitalist private ownership of the means of production is the basic contradiction of capitalist society

Opposition between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie

1. The basic contradiction of capitalism is the manifestation of the contradiction between productive forces and production relations in capitalist society, and is the overall source of all contradictions and conflicts in capitalist society.

2. The development of the basic contradictions of capitalism runs throughout capitalist society and determines the fate of capitalism.

3. The higher the degree of socialization of production, the more concentrated capital, production means, and labor products are in the hands of a few capitalists, and the more inevitable the intensification of the contradiction between capitalists and society becomes.

4. Capitalism will eventually be replaced by socialism. Although this is a long process, it is an inevitable trend of historical development.

Expose and criticize the shortcomings of capitalism

Design a blueprint for a better future society

1. Proceed only from principles such as rationality and justice

2. Advocate for class reconciliation and oppose class struggle. They fail to see the power of the broad masses of the people, especially the proletariat, and fail to find the powerful force to eliminate capitalist society and build a new society.

historical materialism

doctrine of surplus value

It reveals the general laws of the development of human society, reveals the special laws of the operation of capitalism, lays the theoretical foundation for scientific socialism, and enables socialism to achieve a great leap from utopia to science.