Mild disease

severe

Combined anaerobic infection

expectorant

Bronchodilators

postural drainage

Medication, if ineffective, bronchial artery embolization

Those with recurrent infections, repeated massive hemoptysis, unsatisfactory medical treatment, but the scope is limited and the general condition is good

It mostly occurs in patients over middle age. In winter and spring, when the climate is changeable, cough and sputum are obvious. They cough up white mucus sputum. Purulent sputum may appear during acute infection, but there is no history of repeated hemoptysis.

During auscultation, scattered dry and wet rales can be heard in both lungs.

The onset is sudden, with high fever, cough, and a large amount of purulent and smelly sputum.

X-ray examination shows localized dense inflammatory shadows with cavities and fluid levels.

Symptoms of tuberculosis toxicity such as low fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss are common

Dry and wet rales are mostly limited to the upper lungs

Diagnosis can be made by chest X-ray and sputum examination for tuberculosis bacteria

X-ray examination shows multiple round or oval shadows with fine borders, thin walls, and no inflammatory infiltration in the surrounding tissues.

Chest CT and bronchography can aid in diagnosis

Signet ring sign; double track sign; subpleural bronchus; tree-in-bud sign; finger cuff sign

Thickening of bronchial walls; reduced lung volume; mosaic sign

Infectious bronchiectasis: diffuse bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening can be seen

Cystic bronchiectasis: bullae and mucus plugs may be seen in the lungs

Bronchiectasis: Ring sign, bronchial wall thickening and fluid levels may be seen

Sleeping at night or turning around in the morning can induce or aggravate excessive phlegm. Leave it alone and divide it into three layers.

Sputum has a foul odor when accompanied by anaerobic infection

Repeated hemoptysis as the only symptom is called dry bronchiectasis; it is common in tuberculosis

Fever, chest pain

Anemia, weight loss, decreased appetite, affected growth and development of children

May be asymptomatic

Wet rales can be heard in the lower chest and back, and sometimes dry rales can be heard. Chronic patients with a longer course of disease may have clubbing fingers

Whooping cough, measles, bronchopneumonia in children

peribronchial fibroplasia

a variety of factors

Hypoplasia of bronchial cartilage and ciliated cells

Kartagener syndrome: with paranasal sinusitis, dextrocardia

People with cystic fibrosis

Hereditary a1-antitrypsin deficiency

① columnar dilation; ② cystic dilation; ③ irregular dilation

Depends on the number of bronchial lesions and the extent of concurrent lung parenchymal changes

Early stage: Respiratory function test is normal

When the disease range is large