One is replaced: primary amine

Two substituted: secondary amines

Three are substituted: tertiary amine

Fatty amines

Aromatic amines

Alcohols are determined by the number of carbon atoms attached to the hydroxyl group

Amines are determined by the number of carbon atoms attached to the ammonia

Tert-butanol is a tertiary alcohol, and tert-butylamine is a primary amine.

Indicates basic ammonia

Derivatives of ammonia NH3 are represented by amines

Quaternary ammonium ammonium

Primary amine: The alkyl group donates electrons, and the electron cloud density on the nitrogen atom increases. The primary amine easily accepts protons and is basic.

Factors affecting the alkalinity of various amines in aqueous solutions

Aromatic amines are easily oxidized in the air and appear yellow to red to black.

1. The reaction between alkyl halide R-X and ammonia NH3 produces primary ammonium R-NH2

2. Primary amines can continue to react with alkyl halides to form secondary amines R2-NH.

3. Secondary amine reacts with alkyl halide to form tertiary amine R3-N

4. Tertiary amines react with alkyl halides to form quaternary ammonium salts

extension

Ammonia acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl group

It can be seen that the hydrogen on the nitrogen atom in the ammonium atom is replaced by an acyl group

Used to protect amino groups

Hinsberg reaction

The hydrogen on the nitrogen atom of a primary or secondary amine can be replaced by a sulfonyl group to form a sulfonamide

Conditions: benzenesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride; carried out in sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution

Used to separate primary, secondary and tertiary amines

Primary amines

Secondary amine

Tertiary amine

Halogenated

Nitrification

Diazonium salt preparation

coupling reaction

Substances containing two or more amide bonds can occur

Biuret and alkaline copper sulfate solution - purple-red reaction