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MindMap Gallery Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
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Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
A mind map to summarize the knowledge of engineering fluid mechanics (Hou Guoxiang), including the basic equations of fluid mechanics, an overview of pipe flow and boundary layers, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-27 13:30:51
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- Outline
Fluid Mechanics - Outline Relationship between Buoyancy and Gravity of Displaced Liquid
- 40
fluid mechanics
Physical properties of fluids and hydrostatics
physical properties of fluids
Fluid and continuum assumptions
fluid properties
Density and heaviness
Density is related to temperature and pressure
viscosity
dynamic viscosity
Newton's law of internal friction (usually nonlinear)
changes with temperature
gas
liquid
kinematic viscosity
Compression and expansion
Compressibility
Isothermal compressibility/volume compressibility coefficient
2 expressions
Bulk modulus
Expansion
volume expansion coefficient
2 expressions
liquid properties
Vaporization and cavitation
Vaporization and condensation
Liquids and Vapors
dynamic equilibrium
Saturated vapor pressure/vaporization pressure
cavitation
Liquid absorbs and dissolves air
Liquid pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure and pressure is lower than vaporization pressure
Hazard⚠️
Air plugs form upstream of pipe bubbles, making flow difficult
The bubbles flow into the high-pressure area, causing high pressure and a popping sound.
Surface tension and capillarity
Surface Tension
molecular cohesion
The higher the temperature, the smaller the surface tension
pressure formula
capillarity
The solid-liquid force is greater than the cohesive force, and the concave
The solid-liquid force is less than the cohesive force, and the convex
formula
Fluid classification
Ideal fluids and viscous fluids
Newtonian fluids and non-Newtonian fluids
Compressible fluids and incompressible fluids
Steady flow and unsteady flow
Uniform flow and non-uniform flow
Unary flow, binary flow, ternary flow
image
Viscometer
Rotary viscometer
hydrostatics
Force analysis
quality force
gravity
inertial force
Electromagnetic force
surface force
normal force
pressure
Tangential force
viscous friction
Static Pressure Characteristics and Static Differential Equations
Static pressure characteristics
The size of any point in a stationary fluid has nothing to do with the orientation of the action surface
The hydrostatic pressure is perpendicular to the action surface and points in the direction of the inner normal of the action surface.
statics differential equations
general form
vector form
scalar form
full differential form
Incompressible fluids can only maintain equilibrium under the influence of forces
Isobaric surface equation
absolutely still
A homogeneous continuous incompressible stationary fluid whose mass force is only gravity.
basic equations
Position height/position head
Pressure potential energy/pressure head
Pressure tube head
Static pressure distribution law
in conclusion
Pascal's principle
level
pressure difference
force acting on wall
force
static distance
Point of action (center of pressure)
Resultant force distance
Parallel shift formula
force acting on a surface
vertical component
gravity of pressure body
Pressure body calculation
horizontal component
vertical projection surface pressure
Total pressure and angle
relatively still
Uniform speed linear motion
liquid level equation
Isobaric surface equation
pressure distribution
uniform angular velocity rotation
liquid level equation
Isobaric surface equation
pressure distribution
manometer
U-tube pressure gauge
U-tube differential pressure gauge
Incline micromanometer
Basic equations of fluid mechanics
Two methods of fluid description
Particle tracking method (Lagrangian method)
Lagrangian variables (a,b,c)
time t
Field method (Eulerian method)
total derivative
local acceleration
Migration acceleration
Basic concepts of flow field
trace
trace equation
streamline
streamline equation
nature
Streamlines do not intersect (except at stationary points and singular points) and are smooth curves
Streamlines fill Liuchang
Steady flow, the streamline shape and position do not change with time
Steady flow, streamlines and traces coincide
flow surface
flow tube
Yuanliu
total flow
Overcurrent section
flow
continuity equation
continuity differential equation
compressible fluid
incompressible fluid
Applicable to ideal fluids and real fluids
continuity integral equation
differential equations of motion
Differential equation of motion of ideal fluid Euler equation
Differential equation of motion of viscous incompressible fluid N-S equation
Bernoulli equation
Bernoulli's equation for an ideal fluid along a streamline
formula
Velocity head, pressure head, position head, pressure tube head, total head, total pressure
condition
Ideal fluid, steady flow, mass force, incompressible fluid, along a streamline
physical meaning
The manifestation of the law of conservation of mechanical energy in fluid mechanics
⚠️Attention
Velocity head, pressure head, position head, pressure tube head, total head, total pressure
Bernoulli's equation for total ideal fluid flow
Bernoulli's equation for actual total fluid flow
Bernoulli's equation for relative motion of ideal fluids
Applications of Bernoulli's equation
pitot meter
Venturi flow meter
Momentum integral equation and momentum moment integral equation and their applications
momentum integral equation
momentum moment integral equation
application
Pipe Flow and Boundary Layer Overview
Two flow states of viscous fluid motion
Reynolds number
critical Reynolds number
upper critical Reynolds number
lower critical Reynolds number
Feature size
hydraulic radius
Equivalent radius
pipe flow head loss
Head loss along the way
Darcy's formula
Resistance coefficient along the way
Related to Reynolds number and tube roughness
Pressure loss along the way
local head loss
local drag coefficient
local pressure loss
total energy loss
Laminar flow in a circular tube
speed distribution
Shear stress distribution
Flow calculation
Energy loss along the way
Turbulent motion in a circular tube
pulsation phenomenon
time averaging
speed structure
sticky bottom zone
turbulent core area
Transition zone
Hydraulically smooth tubes and hydraulic roughness
Shear stress distribution of turbulent flow
Section velocity distribution
Determination of local resistance coefficient
Pipe flow hydraulic calculation
Water hammer in pipelines
subtopic
Boundary Layer Overview
Similarity theory and dimensional analysis
Similarity principle
Mechanics are similar
Geometrically similar. ．
Similar movements
Similar dynamics
similarity criterion
Pressure, viscous force, gravity, local inertia force, migration inertia force
Number of similar criteria
Reynolds number
Sticky force
Froude number
gravity
Strouhal number
unsteady flow
Euler number
pressure
Dimensional analysis
Units and Dimensions
basic dimensions
Derive dimensions. ． :
Commonly used dimensions
dimensional analysis
Index method
Big school method