The ancestor of the Slavic nation in ancient times was called Panno.

He has three sons, Lech, Czech and Ross. When the children grow up, they say goodbye to their hometown and go out to explore the world. Lech established himself in the northwest region and formed what is now the Poles. Jack married a wife and had children in the southwest, forming what is now the Czech people. Rus went to the north, and then there were the Russians.

The birthplace of the ancient Slavs was in the Dnieper and Vistula river basins. That is today's Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. At that time they were not called Slavs, but Vineds, Sclavins, and Ants.

The Vined people live in the area between the Carpathian Mountains and the Dniester River in the southeast. The Sklavians live in the area stretching from the Sava River in the west, to the Dniester River in the east, and to the Vistula River in the north. Ant people, between the Dnieper and Transnistrian river basins.

In the 5th and 6th centuries, the three tribal alliances began to plunder Byzantium. The terms Venedi and Ant were gradually replaced by Slavs. Slavic is what Slavic people consider themselves to be the same language.

After a century of conquest, the Slavs occupied almost the entire Balkan Peninsula formerly controlled by Constantinople.

In the 7th century, the Slavs were divided into three branches: Eastern, Western and Southern.

West Slavic

Yugoslavia

East Slavic

In 957, Olga, the widow of Grand Duke Igor of Kiev, went to Constantinople and was interested in visiting the Byzantine Emperor. After she was baptized, she escaped from her marriage to the Byzantine emperor through doctrine.

Olga was the first Grand Duke of Kiev to accept Christianity. His son Sviatoslav also converted to Christianity. After Svyatoslav's son Vladimir became the Grand Duke of Kiev, he investigated religions around the world. Finally, he adopted Christianity as the state religion and married Princess Anna of Byzantium.

The Christianity embraced by the Byzantine Empire advocated the unity of politics and religion. The emperor was both the highest political and religious leader. A common religion closely linked Rus' to Byzantium. With the arrival of a large number of clergy. Byzantine culture poured into Rus'.

In 1054, the Christian Church split between the Eastern and Western churches. European civilization is divided into two parts. Western Roman Catholic civilization that mainly uses Latin. and the Byzantine Orthodox civilization, which mainly used Greek writing.

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Text and technology

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policy

In 1206, Mongolia was born.

In May 1223, the Mongolian army and the Russian army fought a decisive battle on the banks of the Kalka River. The Russians were defeated. The Mongols advanced southeast of the Volga River.

In 1236, Genghis Khan's grandson Batu led his army to invade northeastern Russia and occupied Vladimir. and marched towards Novgorod.

In 1240, he led his army to capture Kiev and prepared for an expedition to Western Europe.

In 1242, he expedition to Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. After the defeat of the Czech Republic, he led his army back to the lower reaches of the Volga River. An Islamic country, the Golden Horde, was established, with its capital at Salai. From then on began the Mongolian rule of Rus for more than 240 years.

Mongolia retained the feudal political power of each principality and issued titles to each royal palace. Each principality paid tribute and assumed military service. After the Mongol invasion, the Russian economy was devastated.

From the 14th to the 15th centuries, the Russian economy gradually recovered and entered a stage of development. Economic development requires political unity. The increasingly powerful Muscovite became the center for unification.

Agricultural development around Moscow is facilitated by canals. Not only can a large amount of taxes be collected during transit trade, but it also promotes the development of handicrafts and commerce. The city continued to expand, its population increased, and it became the capital of Muscovy.

In leading Russia's struggle for independence and unification, the Grand Duke of Moscow developed its military, taxation, lands, and political system along the lines of the Mongols.

From the 14th to the 16th century, serfdom and autocracy gradually took shape.

In 1328, Prince Ivan Kalida of Moscow received the canonization of Vladimir and the Grand Duke of All Russia from the Golden Horde Khan. While gaining the trust of the Golden Horde Khan, he used force and taxation to weaken other principalities. The same goes for the successors, whose power continues to grow.

During the reign of Ivan III, Rus finally broke free from the shackles of foreign servitude. Ivan III also introduced the Byzantine national emblem, the double-headed eagle, to Russia. Since then, the double-headed eagle has become the national emblem of the Russian state.

Basil III (son of Ivan III) completed the unification of Northeast Rus. At this time, the territory of Russia reached the White Sea in the north, the Oka River in the south, the upper reaches of the Dnieper River in the west, and the branches of the Ural Mountains in the east, covering an area of ​​2.3 million square kilometers. A multi-ethnic centralized state was formed.

In 1533, after the death of Basil III, Ivan IV succeeded to the throne. In 1547, Ivan IV was crowned Tsar.