News gathering and writing are the foundation and core of news production and play a decisive role in the success of news works.

(1) Main process of news interview

(2) The main process of news writing

Primary function: to meet the public’s news and information needs

Important functions: Maintain social order and good customs, and promote healthy social development

Building a new era, the all-media era, and economic globalization

Confront the conflicting interests of different groups, explore the truth, and play the role of a "pressure reducing valve"

Defend and promote socialist core values

(1) Resolve the contradiction between professional news production and “pan-social” news production

(2) Solve the contradictions between shallow reading, fragmented reading, visual reading and deep reading

(1) Have a global perspective and stick to China’s position

2. In the face of international news events, we must have the courage to compete with Western mainstream media on the same stage. We must not only dare to speak "first" but also "put ourselves first", make in-depth interpretations, and actively compete for the right to speak in international communication.

(2) Tell Chinese stories in a common international language

Protect citizens’ rights to know, participate, and express

Helps you master basic professional skills for journalism

Helps build a composite knowledge framework

Helps learn to communicate and express effectively

Helps improve investigation, research and comprehensive judgment abilities

Establish a lifelong learning ambition and develop good study habits

Continuous practice, unity of knowledge and action

Diligent in thinking, good at thinking

Intensive writing training

spiritual production activities

Sociality

Pursuing novelty as instinct

Based on objectivity and fairness

two levels

It is necessary to respect the characteristics and laws of news information dissemination and meet the requirements of news information dissemination; it must also meet the needs of the public and safeguard public interests to win public recognition.

Sources and Formation of News Reports – Facts

Characteristics and requirements of news reports—truth, accuracy, material

The specific process of news reporting

A medium for communicating facts and reports during interviews Discovering, collecting, possessing and reproducing materials are completed during interviews

Look for fine clues, identify interview subjects, select materials to possess, sort out opinions, refine themes, arrange structures, and write the manuscript

The two complement each other and are highly consistent in epistemology.

The role of a journalist is determined by the nature, work characteristics and tasks of the journalism in which he or she engages. Among them, the nature of journalism is the decisive factor

Any journalism in a class society has class attributes

The role of journalists in our country

Gathering and writing news (primary responsibility)

Study and judge public opinion

Communicate with the public

The cultivation of "knowledge"

The cultivation of "learning"

The cultivation of “talent”

Mental quality cultivation

Serve the public and safeguard public interests

Be loyal to the facts and maintain the authenticity of news

Pay attention to the guidance of public opinion and adhere to social fairness and justice

Observe disciplines and laws, be honest and honest

It refers to the active reflection of objectively existing information and information activities in the human brain, which is manifested in people's sensitivity to information, ability to analyze and judge, and information innovation ability.

Pursue information, possess information, have the awareness to identify the value of information, and be proficient in information skills.

People’s active reactions to the relationship between objects and subjects

It is reflected in: firmly establishing a scientific world view and outlook on life, and striving to practice the core socialist values; firmly establishing strong news values ​​and respecting the laws of news communication.

The main body of communication is audience-centered and serves the audience wholeheartedly.

Requirements: Research the audience, understand the audience’s interests and hobbies, satisfy the audience’s pursuit of information, be responsible to the audience, and guide the public to be “positive”

The news gathering and writing activities you participate in are legal, and the content you write is in compliance with legal regulations. You must learn, understand and use the law.

People's perception and feelings of aesthetic objects are the conscious activities after aesthetic psychological activities enter people's thinking.

Reflection: Have a strong pursuit and desire for beauty, and have a noble aesthetic taste and style

News facts refer to newly (or currently) occurring or discovered facts that meet the requirements of news dissemination.

Reality (essential attribute)

Abnormality (present form)

Effectiveness (value aspect)

News sensitivity (news eye, news nose) refers to a reporter’s ability to keenly discover, identify and foresee news facts

Where does news sensitivity come from?

1. Scope and scale of change (significant & important)

2. The order and number of changes (first change & unique change)

3. Process and speed of change (sudden changes & mutations)

1. Freshness: Inversely proportional to the time difference between occurrence and dissemination; directly proportional to the novelty of the information

2. Importance: The event has a large social impact; the person and event are well-known

3. Proximity: geographical proximity; psychological proximity

4. Fun: Emotionally engaging

Audience targeting (determining the media’s target audience)

Functional positioning (the functions of the media and the role they are to play)

It is the news reporter's responsibility for the news communication profession in which he is engaged. It is the news reporter's conscious performance of news facts based on a certain political stance, ideology, and values, driven by inner beliefs and moral responsibility. , due responsibility to the audience and society.

Present news facts truthfully, accurately and objectively

Pay attention to the guidance of public opinion and correctly guide social public opinion

(1) Pay attention to timeliness (technological development, market needs, social effects)

(2) Use news to ensure timeliness from the beginning

(1) Accurate reflection

(2) Comprehensive reflection

(1) Emphasize the separation of facts and opinions, and focus on using facts to speak (containing opinions invisibly)

(2) Emphasize the principle of balance and focus on presenting the opinions of all aspects of news events (adhere to a neutral position)

(3) Emphasis on explaining the source of information and focusing on indicating the source of the information (demonstrating credibility)

Five elements of news facts 5W (1H)

type

1. It must be both "down-to-earth" and "lofty"

2. Carefully choose news angles

1. Inverted pyramid structure arranged by importance of factual materials

2. A story structure arranged in the chronological order of events.

3. Interpretative structure arranged by questions triggered by events

effect

use

Notice:

Basic requirements

Issues that should be noted

Declarative writing style (incidental hard news writing), narrative writing style (mainly statements, supplemented by comments or analysis), prose writing style (broad description and detailed description)

It is to report the latest news and factual information to the public in a concise and clear way.

Classification

commonality

Compared with news, the news facts presented in newsletters are more specific and detailed

According to the reporting object

according to expression

characteristic

It is a news style that specifically depicts a characteristic fragment or profile of a news event or news figure, also called a feature.

Classification

commonality

Accurate News (Social Survey Act)

data journalism

News discovery is the news reporter’s first recognition of the value dissemination and final expression (form and timing) of factual information. In essence, it is an evaluation of news value. In news events, whether a reporter can collect and write qualified news depends on whether he or she has the ability to discover news. Without discovery, there will be no news.

From the perspective of the news production process, any news report is "discovered" by the news reporter first, and then enters the specific production process of news gathering and writing.

First, find the most valuable news facts in the ocean of facts

Secondly, discover or create the best expression of the news work based on this fact

Therefore, reporters should always maintain a dual-goal search during the news discovery process. They must not only search for the value of the information, but also search and create the best way to express the report.

in accordance with:

People may not be able to truly and objectively realize the actual state of existence of an organism. What people think they need may not necessarily be what they really need - the actual state of existence.

News media and news reporters must pay close attention to the "actual state of existence" of the audience, and timely discover new situations, new problems, and new trends in society; learn to observe independently, and quickly understand those things that the leadership has not yet paid attention to. It is a "universal" issue that has not attracted public attention in society.

Quickly find news clues, understand the truth, establish evaluation perspectives, obtain factual information, decide on reporting plans, and choose expressions designed to maximize news value and audience acceptance.

It is the psychological background system created by the reporter’s news literacy. It is the internal driving force of journalists' news discovery, can arouse reporters' interest in news discovery, and has certain value tendencies and value standards, making corresponding judgments on discovery objects. It also makes reporters' discoveries have distinctive personality characteristics.

Preparatory phase ("pre-discovery state")

Inspiration stage (the critical stage, the intersection of news facts and meaning)

Confirmation stage (use focused thinking to determine interview topics)

1. The impact of different spatial situations on news discovery

2. The impact of different time situations on news discovery

3. The impact of different emotions on news discovery

Default: Predict the truth, Default communication value (report topic)

Verification: Verify the truth and confirm the communication value (report theme)

It is a vivid image that also contains meaning and value, and can easily make the audience "feel".

Perceptual facts (sensible rather than abstract)

Rational (can be understood, able to explain the problem)

Connotation: refers to the "subject matter" of the news interview, that is, the main object and content of the news interview. It involves what to interview, from which aspect or angle, etc.

effect

Connotation: Also known as report planning, it refers to the planning and design of specific interview activities to achieve the desired results.

effect

Misunderstanding: It is the design and planning of reports, rather than the design and creation of news facts for the sake of reporting.