MindMap Gallery 【Doctor's Order】05 Urinary system
This is a mind map about [Doctor's Order] 05 Urinary System, which lists the usage, dosage and precautions of drugs, providing clear medication guidance for medical staff.
Edited at 2024-11-18 08:50:48魯米:靈性覺醒的10個維度。當你停止尋找自己,便會找到整個宇宙,因為你正在尋找的東西,也在尋找你。任何你每天持之以恆在做的事情,都可以為你打開一扇通向精神深處的門。靜默中,我滑入祕境,萬般皆妙樂觀察身邊的神奇,不要聲張。你生而有翼,為何喜歡爬行?靈魂擁有了它自己的耳朵,能夠聽到頭腦無法理解的事情。向內尋求一切的答案吧,宇宙中的一切都在你體內。情人們並不最終相遇某處,這個世界沒有離別。傷口是光進入你內心的地方。
慢性心力衰竭,不僅僅是心率的快慢問題!它源於心肌收縮與舒張功能的下降,導致心輸出量不足,進而引發肺循環充血和體循環淤血。從病因、誘因到代償機制,心衰的病理生理過程複雜多樣。通過控制水腫、減輕心臟前後負荷、改善心臟舒縮功能,以及防治基本病因,我們可以有效應對這一挑戰。了解心衰的機制與臨床表現,掌握防治策略,才能更好地守護心臟健康。
缺血再灌注損傷是器官或組織恢復血液供應後,細胞功能代謝障礙和結構破壞反而加重的現象。其主要機制包括自由基生成增多、鈣超載以及微血管和白細胞的作用。心臟和腦是常見的受損器官,表現為心肌代謝和超微結構變化、心功能下降等。防治措施包括清除自由基、減輕鈣超載、改善代謝和控制再灌注條件,如低鈉、低溫、低壓等。理解這些機制有助於製定有效治療方案,減輕缺血性損傷。
魯米:靈性覺醒的10個維度。當你停止尋找自己,便會找到整個宇宙,因為你正在尋找的東西,也在尋找你。任何你每天持之以恆在做的事情,都可以為你打開一扇通向精神深處的門。靜默中,我滑入祕境,萬般皆妙樂觀察身邊的神奇,不要聲張。你生而有翼,為何喜歡爬行?靈魂擁有了它自己的耳朵,能夠聽到頭腦無法理解的事情。向內尋求一切的答案吧,宇宙中的一切都在你體內。情人們並不最終相遇某處,這個世界沒有離別。傷口是光進入你內心的地方。
慢性心力衰竭,不僅僅是心率的快慢問題!它源於心肌收縮與舒張功能的下降,導致心輸出量不足,進而引發肺循環充血和體循環淤血。從病因、誘因到代償機制,心衰的病理生理過程複雜多樣。通過控制水腫、減輕心臟前後負荷、改善心臟舒縮功能,以及防治基本病因,我們可以有效應對這一挑戰。了解心衰的機制與臨床表現,掌握防治策略,才能更好地守護心臟健康。
缺血再灌注損傷是器官或組織恢復血液供應後,細胞功能代謝障礙和結構破壞反而加重的現象。其主要機制包括自由基生成增多、鈣超載以及微血管和白細胞的作用。心臟和腦是常見的受損器官,表現為心肌代謝和超微結構變化、心功能下降等。防治措施包括清除自由基、減輕鈣超載、改善代謝和控制再灌注條件,如低鈉、低溫、低壓等。理解這些機制有助於製定有效治療方案,減輕缺血性損傷。
urinary system
Immunosuppression
Methylprednisolone
NS 100ml [IVgtt] qd Methylprednisolone sodium succinate 60mg
cyclophosphamide
NS 250ml [IVgtt] Cyclophosphamide 0.8g
Protect kidney
Shenkang
NS 200ml [Ivgtt] qd Shenkang Injection 60ml
Chronic renal failure: nausea, vomiting, anorexia
Urduqing granules 10g tid
Chronic renal failure, azotemia, early uremia (lowering of creatinine)
hormone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate 5mg [IV] qd
Used for 5 days
Anti-infection
penicillin sodium
NS 100ml [IVgtt] q12h Penicillin sodium 3.2 million u
Ceftizoxime Sodium
NS 100ml [IVgtt] bid Ceftizoxime sodium 3g
Piperacillin Sodium Sulbactam Sodium
NS 50ml [IVgtt] q12h Piperacillin Sodium Tazobactam Sodium 4.5g
beta-lactamase-producing bacteria
Imipenem-cilastatin sodium (Taineng)
NS 100ml [IVgtt] q8h Imipenem Cilastatin Sodium 0.5g
Prevent existing or potential infections after surgery
moxifloxacin sodium chloride
Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride Sodium Chloride Injection 250ml [IVgtt] qd
Gentamicin
Gentamicin injection 80,000 u for pharmaceutical use qd
Calcium supplement
calcium gluconate
5/10%GS 10ml [IV] Calcium Gluconate 10ml
Sodium bicarbonate 125ml [IVgtt]
Sodium bicarbonate tablets 0.5g tid
①Treatment of acid replacement: mild to moderate - [PO]; severe - [IVgtt] ②Alkalinize urine to prevent uric acid kidney stones and reduce sulfa nephrotoxicity ③Antacid: Prevent excessive gastric acidity ④Intravenous detoxification: barbiturates, salicylates, methanol poisoning
correct anemia
human erythropoietin
Electronic: Human erythropoietin 9999iu [IH] qw Doctor’s order: Human erythropoietin 4000iu [IH] qw
Renal anemia, anemia caused by chemotherapy for non-myeloid malignancies
Interleukin-11 3mg [IH] qd
Thrombocytopenia after leukocyte chemotherapy
Roxadustat
Renal anemia (dialysis & non-dialysis)
Shengxuebao Mixture 15ml tid
folic acid tablets
5-10mg (1-2 tablets) once 15-30mg (3-6 tablets) a day
diuretic
Furosemide
Furosemide 20/40mg [iv]
Torasemi
NS 100ml/6ml intravenous injection Torsemide 20mg
Diuresis after prescribing albumin
NS/GS 10mL [iv] or micropump infusion 80ml/h Torsemide 20mg
NS 20mL micropump infusion qd Torsemide 20mg
Zuo Ximendan
5%GS 45mL intravenous micropump 2mL/h Levosimendan 12.5mg
po
Furosemide tablets (furosemide) 20mg qd
Spironolactone tablets 20mg bid
combined use
Furosemide 20mg bid Spironolactone 40mg bid
Cirrhosis, ascites; edema of both lower limbs Furosemide:spironolactone=1:2, qd Eat for 3 days, stop for 2 days
Indapamide tablets 2.5mg qd (note low potassium)
Indapamide extended-release tablets 1.5mg qd
essential hypertension
Lower blood lipids
L-carnitine
NS 100ml [IVgtt] L-carnitine 3g [IVgtt]
Chronic renal failure: long-term hemodialysis
L-carnitine 1g for pharmaceutical use
Complications of long-term hemodialysis: cardiomyopathy, bone disease, hypotension
L-carnitine 1.0ml [iv] tid
Promote fat metabolism and protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Improve kidney function
Recovery solution 10ml tid
Used for blood stasis block, stomach pain and bleeding, gastric and duodenal ulcers
Compound Xueshuantong Capsules
Stable angina, chest tightness, palpitations, shortness of breath
Improve circulation
papaverine
NS 100ml [IVgtt] qd Papaverine(B) 90mg
Ischemia and visceral spasm caused by cerebral heart and peripheral vasospasm
pancreatic kallikreinogenase
NS (water injection) 2ml intramuscular injection qd Pancreatic kallikreinogenase 40u intramuscular injection qd
Vasodilators to improve microcirculation
Polysulfonic acid mucopolysaccharide cream 1g [external use] qd
Varicose/thrombophlebitis
hypoalbuminemia
Human albumin 10g for pharmaceutical use qd
Hypoalbuminemia, shock, nephroedema/ascites
Compound alpha-keto acid 2.52g tid
Combined with a low-protein diet
gout
Febuxostat 40mg qd
gout hyperuricemia
Indobufen tablets 0.1g qd
osteoporosis
ibandronate sodium
NS 250ml [IVgtt] Ibandronate sodium 4mg
Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; Bone pain caused by osteolytic bone metastasis of malignant tumors;
Calcitriol 0.5ug qd
Alfacalcidol soft capsule 0.5ug qd
Renal bone disease, hypoparathyroidism, osteoporosis, rickets
Calcium carbonate D3 tablets 0.6g bid
Uric acid lowering drugs
Drugs that promote uric acid excretion
Benzbromarone
primary hyperuricemia and Non-ictal gouty arthritis
probenecid
Can only be used in hyperuricemia with normal renal function
Drugs that inhibit uric acid production
Allopurinol
Primary and secondary hyperuricemia
febuxostat
Long-term treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout
Drugs that promote the breakdown of uric acid
rasburicase
Polyethylene glycol uricase
Severe HUA, refractory gout, especially Patients with tumor lysis syndrome or acute uric acid nephropathy
Glucocorticoids
prednisone
Methylprednisone
For patients who cannot tolerate NSAIDs and colchicine Or acute stage of gout in patients with renal insufficiency
Anti-leukocyte trend drug
colchicine
Acute attack of gouty arthritis
NSAIDs
Indomethacin
Meloxicam
The drug of choice for treating acute gout attacks
Alkalizing urine medications
sodium bicarbonate
Potassium Sodium Citrate Mixture
Sodium Potassium Hydrogen Citrate
Acetazolamide
prostatic hyperplasia
Finasteride 5mg qd
Treat and control prostatic hyperplasia
Tamsulosin extended-release capsules 0.2mg qd
Difficulty urinating due to prostatic hyperplasia
Nephrology
Dialysis and surgery
Internal jugular vein puncture and catheterization
♦Surgery: percutaneous selective intravenous catheterization ♦Anesthesia: lidocaine hydrochloride 0.1g for pharmaceutical purposes ♦Anticoagulation: Heparin sodium 12,500 u for pharmaceutical purposes
dialysis
♦Flush: NS 2000ml for hemodialysis ♦Anticoagulation: Heparin sodium 12,500 u for dispensing × 2 tubes ♦Anesthesia: Ropivacaine Hydrochloride 75mg for dispensing × 1 tube
arteriovenous fistula
♦Surgery: Arteriovenous fistula for renal dialysis ♦Anesthesia: Ropivacaine hydrochloride 75mg for pharmaceutical use ♦Anticoagulation: Heparin sodium 12,500 u for pharmaceutical purposes
Prevent thrombosis
Low molecular weight heparin calcium injection 4100U for pharmaceutical use qd
Prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis, hemodialysis prevention
Heparin sodium 12,500 u for pharmaceutical use qd
Prevention and treatment of thrombosis, hemodialysis/anticoagulation treatment of surgical instruments
Urokinase 100,000 u for pharmaceutical use qd
Thrombolytic therapy for thromboembolic disease
po
Aspirin enteric-coated tablets 100mg qd
Clopidogrel sulfate tablets 75mg qd
Prevention of thrombosis in acute myocardial infarction
Rosuvastatin calcium tablets 10mg qn
nephrotic syndrome
membranous nephropathy
Course 1
Immunosuppression
Methylprednisolone
NS 100ml [IVgtt] qd Methylprednisolone sodium succinate 60mg
cyclophosphamide
NS 250ml [IVgtt] Cyclophosphamide 0.8g
Anticoagulation
Low molecular weight heparin sodium
Low molecular weight heparin sodium 3200u [IH] q12h
Renal biopsy: Discontinue low molecular weight heparin before surgery
Diuresis and swelling
albumin
NS 100ml for flushing Human albumin 10g [Ivgtt] st
Furosemide
Furosemide 20mg [IV] qd
Course 2
cyclophosphamide
NS 250ml [IVgtt] Cyclophosphamide 0.8g
chronic renal insufficiency
Protect kidney
Shenkang
NS 200ml [Ivgtt] qd Shenkang 60ml
Chronic renal failure: nausea, vomiting, anorexia
hormone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate 5mg [IV] qd
Used for 5 days
Anti-infection
penicillin sodium
NS 100ml [IVgtt] q12h Penicillin sodium 3.2 million u
Ceftizoxime Sodium
NS 100ml [IVgtt] bid Ceftizoxime sodium 3g
Piperacillin Sodium Sulbactam Sodium
NS 50ml [IVgtt] q12h Piperacillin Sodium Tazobactam Sodium 4.5g
beta-lactamase-producing bacteria
Imipenem-cilastatin sodium (Taineng)
NS 100ml [IVgtt] q8h Imipenem Cilastatin Sodium 0.5g
Prevent existing or potential infections after surgery
moxifloxacin sodium chloride
Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride Sodium Chloride Injection 250ml [IVgtt] qd
Gentamicin
Gentamicin injection 80,000 u for pharmaceutical use qd
Calcium supplement
calcium gluconate
5/10%GS 10ml [IV] Calcium Gluconate 10ml
Sodium bicarbonate 125ml [IVgtt]
Sodium bicarbonate tablets 0.5g tid
①Treatment of acid replacement: mild to moderate - [PO]; severe - [IVgtt] ②Alkalinize urine to prevent uric acid kidney stones and reduce sulfa nephrotoxicity ③Antacid: Prevent excessive gastric acidity ④Intravenous detoxification: barbiturates, salicylates, methanol poisoning
correct anemia
human erythropoietin
Electronic: Human erythropoietin 9999iu [IH] qw Doctor’s order: Human erythropoietin 4000iu [IH] qw
Renal anemia, anemia caused by chemotherapy for non-myeloid malignancies
Interleukin-11 3mg [IH] qd
Thrombocytopenia after leukocyte chemotherapy
Roxadustat
Renal anemia (dialysis & non-dialysis)
Shengxuebao Mixture 15ml tid
folic acid tablets
5-10mg (1-2 tablets) once 15-30mg (3-6 tablets) a day