Inorganic nitrogen: ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen Organic nitrogen: urea, oligopeptides, etc.

1. Main components of proteins, nucleic acids, and phospholipids 2. Participate in the formation of coenzymes and prosthetic groups 3. Chlorophyll, certain plant hormones, vitamins, alkaloids, etc.

The plants are short, the old leaves are small and light in color (low chlorophyll content) or red (sugar accumulates to form more anthocyanins), there are few branches, the grains are not full, and the yield is low.

Hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate

1. Main components of nucleic acids, nucleoproteins, and phospholipids 2. Components of many coenzymes

The plants are short, grow slowly, have dark green leaves (the chlorophyll content is relatively elevated) or red or purple (sugar accumulates to form more anthocyanins), have few branches, not full grains, low yield, and delayed flowering and maturity stages.

Potassium ions

1. Affect osmotic potential and maintain intracellular electrical neutrality 2. Activator of more than 40 enzymes 3. Promote the synthesis of lignin and cellulose 4. Promote the conversion and transportation of sugars, and promote the expansion of roots, tubers and seeds.

The tips and edges of old leaves are scorched, the stems are weak and prone to lodging, and their drought resistance and cold resistance are poor.

sulfate ion

1. It contains S amino acids and sulfur lipids. 2. It is a component of iron-sulfur protein, thioredoxin, and nitrogenase, and participates in photosynthetic electron transfer and biological nitrogen fixation; 3. Composition of CoA, thiamine, biotin, etc.:.

The symptoms are similar to nitrogen deficiency, but the chlorosis starts in young leaves and is normal in older leaves.

Calcium ions

The formation of cell walls is blocked, growth is inhibited, and in severe cases, young organs (root tips, stem ends) become ulcerated and necrotic.

1. It is the component of calcium pectin in the intercellular layer of the cell wall. 2. Can maintain membrane stability 3. It is an activator of certain enzymes, such as ATPase succinate dehydrogenase, etc. 4. Participate in photosynthesis and oxygen release 5. The Ca-CaM system functions as a second messenger

Magnesium ions

1. Components of chlorophyll, involved in photosynthesis 2. Enzyme activators or components, activating phosphokinase, various phosphomutases, etc. 3. Promote protein and nucleic acid synthesis

The mesophyll of old leaves turns yellow, sometimes reddish-purple, and the veins are still green.

Ferrous ion chelates

1. Elements that make up cytochrome, non-heme ferritin, nitrogenase, etc. 2. Participate in electron transfer in photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen metabolism 3. Affect the synthesis of chlorophyll and chloroplast proteins

When the chlorosis between the veins of young leaves is severe, the leaves will become white, which is easy to occur in alkaline soil.

Manganese ions

1. Main members of the photosynthetic oxygen-emitting complex 2. Necessary elements to maintain the normal structure of chlorophyll 3. Activator of many enzymes

Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves

borate ion

1. Promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation 2. Components of cell wall 3. Promote the synthesis and transportation of sugar, such as sucrose

Only flowers but no fruits, "flowers but no reality, no friends"

Zinc ions

1. An essential element for the synthesis of auxin precursor tryptophan 2. Necessary elements for the synthesis of chlorophyll 3. Components of carbonic anhydrase, glutamate dehydrogenase and carboxypeptidase

The plant stems have short internodes, rosette shape, small and deformed leaves, and chlorotic leaves.

copper ions or cuprous ions

1. Components of some oxidoreductases 2. It is a component of plastocyanin and participates in photosynthetic electron transfer.

Starting from the young leaves, the leaves are wrinkled, blue -green

Molybdate or hydrogen molybdate

1. It is a component of nitrate reductase 2. Form nitrogenase and participate in the nitrogen fixation of rhizobia.

Old leaves have chlorosis between veins and necrotic spots

Chloride ion

1. Participate in the photo-liberated oxygen of water 2. Participate in the division of leaves and roots 3. Participate in the regulation of osmotic potential

The leaves of the plant are small, the leaf tips are dry, yellow, and eventually necrotic; the roots grow slowly and the root tips are thick.

Nickel ions

1. It is a component of urease 2. It is a component of nitrogen-fixing bacteria dehydrogenase

Urea accumulation, root tip necrosis

Channel transportation

carrier transport

proton pump

Calcium pump