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cognitive psychology

Introduces the principles of cognitive psychology, as well as the causes and solutions to some common psychological problems. This mind map helps you become familiar with the key points of knowledge and enhance your memory. Students in need can save it.

Edited at 2024-11-26 15:59:45

Mason·Carter

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cognitive psychology

Mason·Carter

Recent works View more works>>

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Outline

UNIT 2 COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
- 288
- 1
- 1
MMWSEb72
Understanding Cognitive Development Through the Historical-Cultural Approach
- 52
Lucia Quintero
Cognitive Psychology
- 1.3k
- 15
- 2
vrons
Cognitive Psychology Types Mind Map
- 967
- 5
- 1
85193@siswa.unimas.my
Decoding Memory Errors: From Distraction to Persistence
- 74
Very-much
Reflective Practice
- 65
Eugenie Douglas
Psychology - the courage to be hated
- 32
PlotWizard
General Psychology Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception
- 52
PlotWizard
General Psychology Chapter 2 Attention
- 121
PlotWizard
Introduction to Psychology
- 57
PlotWizard

cognitive psychology

1. Breakthroughs in cognitive psychology

in principle

1. All your emotions come from your own cognition

2. When you are depressed, it will affect your perception and become negative.

3. An optimistic attitude is very important

self reflection

1. We cannot control emotions, but we can influence them through cognition

Because of our different perceptions of the same thing, our emotions will be different

2. Emotions affect cognition. When you are depressed, your thinking becomes negative.

3. Emotion, cognition, feeling, action, intersection and mutual influence

We can influence our emotions and feelings through our cognitions and actions

2. Diagnose emotions

3. Cracking emotions: thinking determines emotions

Top 10 Cognitive Distortions

1. Black and white

This thing is either a good thing or a bad thing, there is no middle ground

2. Overgeneralization

Amplify the time and scope of the impact of bad things

3. Psychological filtering

Only focus on the bad and not the good

4. Advantage discounts

All the achievements I have achieved are lucky

5. Jumping to conclusions

mind reading

Speculating on other people's motives and thinking negatively about them

negative forecast

You always think that everything will fail and you will definitely make mistakes

6.Zoom in and out

Seeing something as too important or too insignificant

7. Emotional Reasoning

Feelings come from emotions. I feel scared now. Something bad will definitely happen.

8. Should sentence pattern

Some of the expectations you have for yourself, others, and society are unreasonable

9. Indiscriminate labeling

10.Place blame

Blame yourself

Only focus on who made the mistake, not on solving the problem

The blame lies with him

self reflection

Most of our bad emotions are often caused by us paying too much attention to the negative side of things and ignoring the positive side of things. Nothing is absolutely bad, and nothing is absolutely good.

All antennas know that beauty is beauty, this is evil

All things bear yin and embrace yang

Lone Yin does not grow, Lone Yang does not grow

Contradiction

Opposite yet unified

Should sentence pattern

example

We were taking the bus and saw a person standing crookedly and about to fall over. We immediately stood up and offered our seats. Unexpectedly, this person didn't even say thank you and just sat down to play with his mobile phone. How do you feel at this moment, anger, disappointment, or complaining that this person is rude. The rule in your inner world is that if I offer you a seat, you have to thank me. This is the minimum. But in fact, we cannot control other people's behaviors and thoughts. When you choose to give up your seat, don't think about asking him to thank you. If you offer him your seat, he may say that he should have done so a long time ago. He probably didn't say anything and just sat down. He might say, thank you.

Conversations with yourself or imaginary rules

I have paid, and I should be rewarded

If I work hard, I will get good results.

When I go to college, I will definitely have a good job or a superior income.

We can't decide many outcomes. All we can do is to do the process well and everything will happen naturally.

Imaginary rules in relationships with others

When we give, others should be grateful

If we are kind to others, others will be kind to us.

If we believe in others, others will believe in us

If we love others, others will love us

Others are individuals with free will, with their own thoughts and actions. We cannot control other people’s cognitions, motivations and behaviors, let alone expect others to act according to our wishes. The only thing we can do is influence others, but we Thought-based rules or conventional rules may not necessarily come into effect. What we can do is to do what we should do and not be too obsessed with the results. Because the process of our efforts does not necessarily guarantee that we will achieve the results we want.

Causes

Most of our rules are ideas formed by the family and society. Most of these rules and ideas belong to "humanity", which are mature rules agreed upon by human society and are some basic human laws for everyone to enter the society. However, humanity has its own rules and regulations. What can fail, and will fail often. The way of heaven will basically never fail, such as birth, old age, illness and death, things will inevitably reverse themselves.

suggestion

All we can do is do what we want to do well, but don’t be obsessed with others or the results, because the results and others are not within your control. But do good deeds without worrying about the future

4. Start by building self-esteem

The bottom line is: only your own sense of self-worth is determined by how you feel

Special methods to boost self-esteem

1. Refute your self-criticism

three column method

a. Subconscious thinking b. Cognitive distortion c. Rational response

Must do it

Instructions for use

1. Describe your automation idea in a special scenario

2. Review the ten cognitive distortions and label your own thoughts

3. Replace your previous thoughts with other objective thoughts.

practice action

2. Psychological biofeedback

Self-thinking:

Don't set too many conditions for our happiness and happiness. You have to know that happiness or happiness does not require too many conditions. No matter when, where, or what the situation is, you have the right to choose to be happy and live happily.

It is important to be aware of your emotions and automatic thoughts. Awareness is the first step

Practice is important, you must take action to realize the effect of this method

Don’t imagine that it will be achieved overnight. The establishment of self-esteem, the elimination of personal negative thoughts or certain mindsets are not achieved overnight, and require lifelong efforts.

5. Defeat quietism

Actions can also change your mood

A mind-set that leads to laziness, procrastination, and quietism

13 mindsets

1.Despair

2. Helpless

3. Defeat yourself

4. Jump to conclusions

5. Label yourself randomly

6. Disregarding rewards

7.Perfectionism

8. Fear of failure

9. Fear of success

10. Fear of opposition and criticism

11. Obsession and Resentment

12. Low ability to handle setbacks

When the real world is inconsistent with your ideas, or there is a gap, you will choose to strike or procrastinate, and be lazy to resist the real world.

13. Guilt and self-blame

self-propelled approach

Daily activity schedule

anti procrastination chart

Symptoms: Some behaviors always lead to procrastination

Method: Record it and analyze the commonalities

negative thinking journal

happiness prediction table

Refute but

self-identity

TIC->TOC

Divide into zeros

Self-motivation and rejection of coercion

disarm

Visualize success

Symptoms: Difficulty breaking bad habits

Method: List the benefits of eliminating bad habits

Record the positives

Verify your fault

Symptoms: Feeling like you are not good enough

Method: Write down negative predictions and verify them

Can't lose method

Symptoms: Fear of failure and not taking risks

Method: Write down the consequences of failure and formulate countermeasures

6. Verbal Judo – Learn to counter self-criticism

in principle

When you are criticized by others, it is not others who hurt you but yourself. Others’ criticism has never hurt you in the slightest, no matter how vicious, ruthless, cruel and harsh the criticism is.

Three Steps to Being Attacked by Others

Step 1: Empathy

Don't be angry, ask for details

Most of what others say is a conclusion. We need to hear how the conclusion came about.

Once we get the details, it means we have the opportunity to listen and make corrections

Step Two: Eliminate Critics’ Hostility

Acknowledge the other person’s emotions

Find the facts the other person says that you can agree with

Step Three: Feedback and Negotiation

practise

Scenario 1: You are not good, your ability is very poor, and your character is not good either.

I know I didn’t do some things well. Can you tell me which ones I didn’t do well?

Scenario 2: You should do this, first send this file, and then say hello to people. It’s really interesting that you say hello without sending it.

self reflection

There is some misunderstanding. There is no need to defend it. It is not a waste of time. Whatever others say, just give a good reply.

Some things need to be explained clearly

Someone else does offer another good suggestion

others misunderstand you

Others should guide public opinion

7.Are you angry?

Who made you angry?

others

Reality: It’s your own thoughts

Angry misconceptions

1. Label

This person is so TM SX

It will cause a psychological filter, focusing only on the person's shortcomings or bad things they have done.

2. Mind reading

We speculate on other people’s motives for committing crimes

3. Zoom in

magnify the impact of things

Is it necessary to be angry?

two principles

Is the harm others do to us intentional?

Does being angry help us achieve our goals?

Ways to control anger

stimulate desire

Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of anger

Cool down angry thoughts

Write down angry thoughts and replace them with calm ones

imaginary substitution method

Replace original thoughts with humorous thoughts

Rewrite rules

reduce should

Learn to be tolerant

smart controls

Negotiation strategy

Compliment first

Accurate empathy

Role play, where you pretend to be the person who angers you and talk to yourself

Organize your thoughts - Cognitive rehearsal

Make a list of situations that make you angry, and then rehearse them to become more proficient in your thoughts and perceptions.

10 Things to Know About Anger

8. Ways to overcome guilt

10. Root causes of depression

invisible hypothesis

The formula by which you define your personal worth. It is not only your value system and personal philosophy, but also the foundation on which you build your self-esteem.

Digging deep into hidden assumptions

vertical arrow method

If subconscious thoughts are true, then what, why am I bothered?

Dysfunctional Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire

identity addiction

love addiction

Achievement addiction

perfectionism

qualifications

Do you think that as long as you are how you are, you are eligible for it?

Almighty

autonomy

11. Identity addiction

invisible hypothesis

fear of disapproval from others

hope others will recognize

fear of criticism

Performance

No opinion of one's own

People-pleasing personality

source

When you were disobedient as a child, your parents would be angry with you. In order to gain their approval, you did not dare to raise your own needs or hear objections, so you could only obey. When I grow up, this becomes a kind of thinking and habit.

Solution

cost benefit analysis

Rewrite rules

Opposition or criticism from others cannot reduce our own value. It may give us another perspective to look at the problem.

self-esteem blueprint

write an article

Why there is no need to fear disapproval and criticism, this fear is absurd

12.Love is addictive

13. Work ≠ personal value

personal value

There is no concept of personal value. Personal value is a concept created by humans.

Personal value is a constant, a fixed value from birth to death

Only when your thinking is distorted will it reduce your personal value

Resolutely and solemnly guard your self-esteem

14. Dare to be ordinary - the surefire way to defeat perfectionism

Other emotions personal thoughts

fear

Innate fear

The emotion of fear is innate. After the baby is born, he will have the emotion of fear when he hears some loud sounds.

Fear helps us stay away from danger, unfamiliarity, and things we cannot control, and can protect us to a certain extent.

We can regard emotions as a function, but when this function is used or appears, it is learned.

The content of fear is learned in the background

The specific fear or content of fear is acquired, such as fear of social interaction, or fear of authority, etc. These are all caused by the acquired humanistic and social environment.