Acute leukemia

Chronic leukemia

Leukocytic leukemia (leukocytosis ≥10×109/L)

Hyperleukemia (leukocyte count ≥100×109/L)

Leukocyte non-polytic leukemia (leukocytes are 4-10×109/L)

Biological factors: mainly include viral infection and autoimmune abnormalities

Chemical factors: including benzene and its derivatives and certain drugs

Radiation factors: X-ray, gamma ray and ionizing radiation, etc.

Genetic factors

Others: such as lymphoma, etc.

Blood image examination: Most of the white blood cells are between 10-58×109/L

Bone marrow imaging examination: Most of them show extreme hyperplasia, and a few patients show low hyperplasia

Cytochemistry examination

Immunological examination

Chromosome and gene examination

Symptom-based supportive treatment

Anti-leukemia treatment

Risk of bleeding: related to thrombocytopenia and leukemia cell infiltration

Risk of infection

Potential complications: Adverse reactions of chemotherapy drugs

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Activity endurance decreases

Hyperthermia: related to infection and hypermetabolicity of tumor cells

Oral mucosa damage: related to leukemia cell infiltration, chemotherapy response and secondary fungal infection

Nutritional disorder: lower than the body's needs, related to increased leukemia metabolism, high fever, gastrointestinal reactions caused by chemotherapy patients and inability to eat in stomatitis, etc.

Pain: bones Joint pain is related to leukemia cells infiltrating bones and limb muscles joints

Definition: Also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, its characteristics are slow course of disease development, significant increase in peripheral granulocytocytes and immature spleen is significantly enlarged

Classification

Chronic period

Acceleration period

Rapid change period

Blood image examination: The increase in peripheral leukocyte count is mainly ≥20×109/L, and half of the patients ≥100×109/L, and the naive granules at each stage can be seen.

Bone marrow imaging examination: Myelodysplasia is extremely active

Chromosome examination: Ph chromosomes appear in blood cells of patients with chronic leukemia

Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) assay

Blood biochemical examination: Increased uric acid concentration in serum and urine

Targeted Therapy Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the preferred treatment for CML

α-interferon

Chemotherapy drugs

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)

Pain: abdominal pain

Potential complications: hyperuric acid nephropathy

Decreased endurance in activity: related to weakness or anemia

Nutritional disorder: lower than the body's needs and is related to the body's hypermetabolic

It is a slow-progressing B lymphocyte proliferation tumor characterized by the presence of large amounts of clonal B lymphocytes in lymph tissues such as peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes.

There are many symptoms without self-consciousness

Fatigue and weakness may occur in the early stages and gradually worsen

Lymph node enlargement is often the first symptom of medical treatment

Blood sign examination: Lymphocytes account for more than 50% of the white blood cell count, and 90% can be reached in the late stage.

Bone marrow image examination: Bone marrow nucleated cells are obviously active

Immunological examination

Cytogenetics examination

Chemotherapy: mainly including alkylating agents, purine analogs

Immunotherapy

Complication treatment

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Risk of infection: related to hypoimmunoglobulinemia and normal granulocyte deficiency

Activity endurance decreases