Download and install Python (recommended the latest stable version, such as Python 3.12).

Using the development tools:

Variables and data types: integer, floating point, string, boolean

Input and output: print(), input()

Operators: arithmetic, comparison, logic operators

Control flow: if-else condition judgment, for/while loop

Simple exercises: calculator, number guessing game, nine-nine multiplication table

List (addition, deletion, retrieval, slice, list comprehension)

Characteristics and operations of tuples, dictionaries, and collections

String operation (formatting, common methods)

Define functions: parameter passing, return value, scope

Commonly used built-in functions: len(), range(), sorted(), etc.

Modules and packages: import import, custom modules

Read and write text files (open(), read(), write())

Process CSV/JSON files (csv module, json module)

Address Book Management System (Command Line Interaction)

Text word frequency statistics tool

Classes and objects: properties, methods, constructors (__init__)

Inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation

Magic methods: __str__, __repr__, etc.

try-except-finally structure

Custom exception class

Generator and iterator (yield keyword)

Decorator (@decorator syntax)

Context Manager (with statement)

Implement a simple bank account management system (OOP design)

Develop a logging decorator

Commonly used modules: os (file system), datetime (time processing), argparse (command line parameters)

Multithreading/multiprocessing: threading, multiprocessing

Data Science: NumPy (array calculation), Pandas (data analysis)

Visualization: Matplotlib, Seaborn

Network request: Requests (HTTP library)

Web Framework: Flask (lightweight) or Django (full stack)

SQLite operations (sqlite3 module)

ORM framework: SQLAlchemy

Crawler: Use Requests BeautifulSoup to crawl web page data

Data Analysis: Use Pandas to analyze sales data and generate visual reports

Web Application: Use Flask to build personal blogs

Asynchronous programming: asyncio library

Unit Test: unittest or pytest

Code specification: PEP8, Type Hints

Virtual environment: venv or conda

Package management: pip, pipenv or poetry

Container deployment: Docker basics

Web Development: Learning Django REST Framework, FastAPI

Data Analysis/Machine Learning: Scikit-learn, TensorFlow/PyTorch

Automated operation and maintenance: Ansible, Fabric

Crawlers and anti-crawls: Scrapy, Selenium

Develop an e-commerce website (user system, product management, payment interface)

Build a stock price prediction model (machine learning)

Automated testing tools (in combination with Selenium)

Learn Python standard library source code (such as collections module)

Participate in open source projects (submit Issue or PR on GitHub)

Question-writing platform: LeetCode (starting with simple questions)

Learn common design patterns (singleton, factory, observer pattern, etc.)

Documentation: Official Documentation (

Books: "Python Programming: From Beginner to Practice" "Fluent Python"

Community: Stack Overflow, Reddit's r/learnpython