Name of tissue or cell type “tumour”

Named based on the morphological characteristics of the tumor

epithelial tissue cancer

mesenchymal sarcoma

A malignant tumor that has both cancer and sarcoma components is called carcinosarcoma

The difference between cancer and sarcoma

immature histioblastoma

Some malignant tumors have customary names. Although they are called "tumors" or "diseases", they are all malignant tumors.

Some malignant tumors have complex components or inherited habits, so "malignant" is added before the name of the tumor.

Some malignant tumors are named after people

Some are named according to the shape of tumor cells

Some press "...tumor disease" to refer to the state of multiple tumors.

epithelial tissue

mesenchymal tissue

Lymphatic hematopoietic tissue

nervous tissue

Other tumors

It is related to the nature of the tumor (good or bad), growth time, location of occurrence, etc.

When there is a big difference

Blood volume, degeneration, necrosis, bleeding, pigments contained

You can guess what kind of tumor it is based on its color and texture.

Osteoma is hard, lipoma is soft

Parenchyma > stroma → softer, such as colorectal adenoma

Parenchyma＜stroma→harder

constitute

significance

constitute

significance

Tumor tissue structure and cell morphology are different from corresponding normal tissues to varying degrees.

significance

tumor cell atypia

Atypia of tumor tissue structure

Benign tumors: less atypia VS malignant tumors: more obvious atypia in tissue structure, and obvious atypia in tumor cells

Tumor tissue differentiation degree

primary tumor size

depth of infiltration

Diffusion range

transfer situation

T: size of primary lesion, T1～T4

N: Lymph node involvement, N0~N3

M: Hematogenous metastasis, M0～M1

The higher the grade and stage, the lower the survival rate

Expansive growth: Slow growth, gradually increasing in size like an inflated balloon, pushing out surrounding tissues

★Invasive growth (invasive growth): tumor cells divide and proliferate, such as invading surrounding tissue spaces, lymphatic vessels, and blood vessels, and infiltrating and destroying surrounding tissues.

exophytic growth

Benign tumors grow slowly

If the growth rate accelerates in a short period of time, malignant transformation is suspected.

Malignant tumors grow rapidly, and secondary changes such as bleeding and necrosis occur at the same time

As malignant tumors continue to grow, tumor cells often continuously infiltrate and grow along tissue gaps, lymphatic vessels, or nerve corsets, destroying adjacent organs or tissues.

Lymphatic vascular body cavity tumors of the same type as the primary tumor

tumor metastasis

oppression

block

Such as uterine submucosal fibroids, which cause anemia in patients

Subserosal uterine fibroids can cause severe pain and acute abdomen

For example, islet cell tumors can cause paroxysmal hypoglycemia

nonendocrine gland tumors

These tumors are called ectopic endocrine tumors

Such as lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, etc.

The products of tumors or abnormal immune responses or other reasons cause lesions in the endocrine, nervous, digestive, hematopoietic, bone and joint, kidney, skin and other systems, resulting in corresponding clinical manifestations, but these manifestations are not directly caused by the primary tumor or metastasis of

Understanding the significance of paraneoplastic syndromes

Areas covered by squamous epithelium or transitional epithelium

Mucosal surface with squamous metaplasia

Breast lobule ducts or acini

Level I, II, III

papilloma

adenoma

It grows infiltratively, has a hard texture, and the cut surface is gray-white and dry. Formation of cancer nests, early lymphatic metastasis, late hematological metastasis

squamous cell carcinoma

basal cell carcinoma

urothelial carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

mucinous carcinoma

Lipoma

Hemangioma

lymphangioma

leiomyoma

Fibrosarcoma

liposarcoma

rhabdomyosarcoma

Leiomyosarcoma

Osteosarcoma