1. Retinal exudation: Lipids or lipoproteins in the plasma leak out from the retinal blood vessels and are deposited in the retina, appearing yellow. Granules or patches are called hard exudates. Its appearance usually occurs during chronic retinal edema. After the water is gradually absorbed, its shape can be diffuse or localized (annular or semi-annular). In the macular area, it can be arranged in a starburst or fan-shape along the Henle fibers, and thicker plaques can also be formed. deposition.

2. Retinal hemorrhage: ① Deep hemorrhage: comes from the deep capillaries of the retina, and the hemorrhage is located in the outer plexiform layer and inner nuclear layer In between, they are in the shape of small dark red dots. More common in venous damage. ② Superficial bleeding: located in the nerve fiber layer. Blood is arranged along the direction of nerve fibers, mostly in lines Shapes, strips and flames, bright red in color. ③ Preretinal hemorrhage: It is mostly half-moon or hemispherical. ④ Vitreous hemorrhage: A small amount of hemorrhage causes vitreous flake or mass opacity, and a large amount of hemorrhage can cause Completely covers the eyes. ⑤Subretinal hemorrhage: When the hemorrhage is located under the RPE, it appears as a black-gray or black-red ridge with clear borders. Start the fire.

clinical manifestations

Clinical manifestations: Most cases occur in one eye, with vision loss to varying degrees. Fundus manifestations are characterized by retinal veins in each quadrant The intraretinal hemorrhage is tortuous and flame-like, distributed along the retinal veins. Optic disc and retinal edema, It is particularly obvious in the macular area, and over time, cystoid macular edema (CME) often forms. According to clinical manifestations And prognosis can be divided into non-ischemic type and ischemic type. Ischemic CRVO is often accompanied by CME, with an incidence of 3 to 4 cases. Iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma are prone to occur within a month, and the prognosis is poor.

The visual acuity of the affected eye decreases, and the visual objects become darker, deformed, smaller, and farther away, accompanied by a relatively dark area in the center; the foveal reflection disappears.

Most cases heal on their own within 3 to 6 months and their vision recovers, but the distortion and shrinkage of visual objects can last for more than a year.

(1) Dry ARMD: also known as atrophic or non-neovascular ARMD.

(2) Wet ARMD: also known as exudative or neovascular ARMD. There is yellowish white hardness in the lesion area or at the edge Exudation and drusen. In case of massive bleeding, the bleeding can break through the retina and enter the vitreous body. Produces vitreous hemorrhage.