1. symptom

2. Signs: Lens opacity can be observed and quantified with the naked eye, spotlight or slit lamp microscope.

3． Description and classification of lens opacity: Lens opacity classification method II (LOCS II) has been used for a long time. The method is to fully dilate the pupil and use slit lamp photography and backlighting.

4. Lens core hardness grading standard: Emery-Little core hardness grading standard divides the core hardness into the following 5 levels: Degree Ⅰ: transparent, coreless, soft; Degree II: The core is yellow-white or yellow, soft core; Grade III: The core is dark yellow and the core is medium hard; Degree IV: The core is brown or amber, hard core; Degree V: The nucleus is brown or black, and the nucleus is extremely hard.

Age-related cataracts, also known as senile cataracts, are the most common type of cataracts and are more common in middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old. The incidence rate increases significantly with age.

clinical manifestations

Congenital cataracts refer to cataracts caused by congenital genetic or developmental disorders that exist before and after birth or gradually develop within one year after birth. Congenital cataract is a common eye disease in children and an important cause of blindness and amblyopia in children. It can occur in one or both eyes, and is sometimes accompanied by other congenital abnormalities of the eye or body.

Cause

Clinical manifestations: It can occur in one or both eyes. Most are static, and a few continue to develop after birth. It is generally classified according to the location, shape and degree of lens opacity. congenital cataract causes The location, shape and degree of body opacity are different, and the clinical manifestations are different.

Diagnosis: The diagnosis can be made based on the medical history and lens opacity pattern.

treat

Lens opacity caused by blunt eyeball trauma, perforation injury, and explosion injury is called traumatic cataract. It is more common in children or young adults and often occurs in one eye.

Etiology and clinical manifestations

Treatment: When the lens opacity is obvious and affects vision, cataract removal should be performed. Since most traumatic cataracts occur in one eye, an intraocular lens should be implanted at the same time as possible after cataract removal. body.

Lens opacification caused by metabolic disorders is called metabolic cataract.

1. Galactose cataract

2. Tetany cataract: also known as hypocalcic cataract. Caused by low serum calcium. Patients with low calcium often have tetany, so it is called tetany cataract.

Complicated cataracts are clouding of the lens caused by eye disease.

Cause: Due to eye inflammation or degenerative lesions, the nutrition or metabolism of the lens is impaired, resulting in its opacity. Commonly seen in uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, glaucoma, Intraocular tumors and high myopia, etc.

Clinical manifestations: Patients have symptoms of the primary disease, which can occur in both eyes or one eye. Diseases caused by anterior segment disease mostly start in the anterior cortex. Caused by diseases of the posterior segment of the eye, early stage in the capsule of the posterior pole of the lens Granular gray-yellow opacity appeared in the subcapsular and subcapsular cortex, and more vacuoles were formed, which gradually expanded to the center and periphery of the lens nucleus in a radial shape, forming a rosette-like opacity, which continued It spreads to the anterior cortex and gradually makes the lens completely opaque. High myopia is mostly caused by nuclear cataracts.

The electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays to protons, neutrons, electrons, microwave radiation, etc. can cause lens opacity. Lens opacity caused by radiation is called radioactive cataract.

Etiology and clinical manifestations

After extracapsular cataract removal (including phacoemulsification) or after lens trauma, the remaining cortical or lens epithelial cells proliferate and form opacity, which is called post-onset cataract. What occurs after cataract surgery is also called posterior capsular opacification. It is the most common complication after extracapsular cataract extraction.

Clinical manifestations: The incidence of posterior capsule opacification of the lens after extracapsular cataract extraction can be as high as 30% to 50% over 3 years. It almost always occurs after childhood cataract surgery. Posterior lens capsule appears thick Thin, unevenly organized tissue and Elschnig bead-like bodies.

Treatment: When post-cataract affects vision, Nd:YAG laser can be used to incise the posterior capsule of the lens in the pupil area. If laser treatment is unavailable or the posterior capsule is too thick to be treated with laser, Surgery may be performed to puncture or cut the posterior capsule of the lens in the pupillary area.

1. Total lens dislocation

2. Lens subluxation

clinical manifestations