MindMap Gallery Medical microbiology - cocci mind map
This is a mind map about medical microorganisms - cocci. Come and take a look at the knowledge mind map I drew, including Neisseria G-, Streptococcus shavings, Staphylococcus, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-16 14:32:12This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
cocci
Staphylococcus G+
Staphylococcus aureus
Biological traits
form
No spores, no flagella (no capsule formed when cultured in vitro)
Cultivation characteristics
Aerobic/facultative anaerobic, beta hemolysis
biochemical reaction
Catalase (+) (catalase)
Differentiate from Streptococci
Produces acid but not gas
Golden yellow decomposes mannitol to produce acid
antigen
Staphylococcal protein A (SPA)
a complete antigen
Binds to the Fc segment of IgG molecules
Collaborative agglutination test (antigen detection)
Prevent the Fc segment from binding to macrophages (anti-phagocytosis)
capsular polysaccharide
adhesion
polysaccharide antigen
Staphylococcus aureus
Group A polysaccharide antigen
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Group B polysaccharide antigen
Classification
Pathogenicity
Golden yellow (contains α-hemolysin/plasma coagulase/heat-resistant nuclease/protein A/decomposes glucose and mannitol)
opportunistic disease
Staphylococcus epidermidis (breaks down glucose)
Non-pathogenic
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
resistance
Heat-resistant, salt-resistant, penicillin/erythromycin/chlortetracycline/gentamicin
Pathogenicity
Pathogenic substances
surface protein
SPA - anti-phagocytosis
Enzymes
Plasma coagulase/thermostable nuclease (indicator for identifying pathogenicity)
toxin
Staphylococcal lysin (alpha lysin causes disease)
Leukocidin
Enterotoxin (stimulates vomiting center) (pseudomembranous colitis)
Exfoliants (scalded skin)
toxic shock syndrome toxin 1
Disease caused
Purulent
skin
various organs
whole body
Sepsis/Sepsis
Toxic
food poisoning
toxic shock syndrome
scalded skin syndrome
Immunity
Have some natural immunity
microbiological examination
(see classification)…masculine
Prevention and control principles
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (opportunistic pathogens)
Most common
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Disease caused
acute bladder cancer (women)
septicemia
Bacterial endocarditis (with artificial valve)
Implanted device infection
Streptococcus G+
hemolysis
Group A hemolytic Streptococcus (alpha hemolytic)
Grass green hemolysis ring
Incomplete lysis of red blood cells (mostly opportunistic pathogens)
eg: Streptococcus pneumoniae (normal flora)
Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (beta hemolytic)
colorless transparent hemolysis ring
Strong pathogenicity
Gamma hemolytic Streptococcus (gamma hemolytic)
No hemolysis
Not pathogenic
Antigen structure (C polysaccharide antigen)
Group A Streptococci (mostly)
BCDE…
Group A Streptococcus
Biological traits
form
No spores, no flagella (capsule can be obtained in vitro culture but disappear later)
Cultivation characteristics
High nutritional requirements, beta hemolysis
biochemical reaction
Catalase (-)
Differentiate from Staphylococcus aureus
Generally does not break down inulin/does not dissolve in bile (-) (for all streptococci)
Distinguish between Type A and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Produces acid but not gas
Antigen structure
Polysaccharide antigen (C antigen)
Group specificity (group classification basis)
Surface antigen/protein antigen (M protein)
Type specificity (typing)/related to pathogenicity
Nucleoprotein antigen (P antigen)
No specificity
resistance
Heat-labile, penicillin/erythromycin/tetracycline/bacitracin/sulfa drugs
Pathogenicity
Pathogenic substances
cell wall components
Adhesin
lipoteichoic acid
F protein
M protein
Main pathogenic factor (anti-phagocytosis/shared antigen with myocardium)
peptidoglycan
Exotoxins
pyrogenic exotoxins
Superantigen (causing scarlet fever in humans)
Streptolysin
Streptolysin O
Strong antigenicity and sensitive to oxygen (its hemolytic effect can be reversed artificially)
Streptolysin S
Non-immunogenic, stable to oxygen, causing beta hemolytic ring
invasive enzyme
Hyaluronidase
Streptokinase
Streptococci
Disease caused
Hypersensitivity disease (M protein)
rheumatic fever
acute glomerulonephritis
Toxic
scarlet fever
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
Purulent
Various inflammations
Immunity
After infection, you can be immune to the same type of Streptococcus (but there can be many types of Streptococcus)
microbiological examination
Anti-O test (ASO) assists in the diagnosis of rheumatism (streptococcal hemolysin O)
Prevention and control principles
Treatment of group A (penicillin)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Biological traits
form
No flagella, no spores, may be capsule when cultured in vitro
Cultivation characteristics
High nutritional requirements, alpha hemolysis, containing autolytic enzymes
biochemical reaction
Decomposes inulin and dissolves it in bile (+)
Differentiate from Type A
Produces acid but not gas
Capsular swelling test (+)
Antigen structure
capsular polysaccharide antigen
Types
C polysaccharide
Species specificity, diagnosis of rheumatism
M protein
Type specific, independent of virulence
resistance
Resistant to dryness, intolerant to cold and heat
Pathogenicity
Pathogenic substances
capsule
major virulence factors
Pneumolysin O
Dissolved Red C
lipoteichoic acid
Adhesion (lower respiratory tract)
neuraminidase
Colonization/reproductive spread (upper respiratory tract)
Disease caused
Lobar pneumonia/bronchitis
Immunity
type specific immunity
microbiological examination
Bile bacteriolysis test
Inulin fermentation experiment
Optocin sensitivity test
Capsular swelling test
Animal toxicity experiments
Prevention and control principles
capsular polysaccharide vaccine
Neisseria G-
Neisseria meningitidis
Biological traits
form
capsule, pili
kidney-shaped/bean-shaped
Cultivation characteristics
High nutritional requirements (heating above 80ºC, chocolate-colored culture medium)
obligate aerobic
autolytic enzyme
biochemical reaction
Produces acid but not gas
antigen
capsular polysaccharide
group specificity
Most are caused by group A, and group C is the most pathogenic.
outer membrane protein
Type specificity
lipooligosaccharide antigen
resistance
Extremely sensitive to cold, heat and dryness
Pathogenicity
Pathogenic substances
lipooligosaccharide
Main pathogenic substances
capsule
Anti-phagocytosis
pili
stick
IgAl protease
stick
Disease caused
Meningococcal meningitis (for humans)
droplet spread
Immunity
Humoral immunity
microbiological examination
Preliminary diagnosis (G-diplococci inside and outside neutrophils in blood/cerebrospinal fluid)
Diagnose the presence of soluble antigens
Prevention and control principles
Prevention: meningococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine
Treatment: Large amounts of penicillin G/erythromycin
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Biological traits
dyeing
Alkaline methylene blue stain - dark blue
Cultivation characteristics
obligate aerobic
High nutritional requirements (chocolate medium)
biochemical reaction
Acid production without gas production/oxidase experiment (+)
antigen
pilin antigen
Adhesion, immune escape
lipooligosaccharide antigen
endotoxin
outer membrane protein antigen
Basis for classification
resistance
Extremely sensitive to cold, heat and dryness
Pathogenicity
Pathogenic substances
pili
Strong pathogenicity, adhesion (human urethral mucosa), anti-phagocytosis
outer membrane protein
Adhesion, destroying cell integrity, blocking antibody activity
lipooligosaccharide
Inflammatory response, immune escape
IgAl protease
Destroys mucosal surface antibodies and adheres
Disease caused
human genitourinary system
gonococcal conjunctivitis
sexual contact
Immunity
Most can heal themselves and develop short-term immunity
microbiological examination
Prevention and control principles
Prevent conjunctivitis (drop chloramphenicol and streptomycin (silver nitrate) into both eyes of the baby)
No vaccine yet
subacute endocarditis
Streptococcus pneumoniae (+) Type A (-)