MindMap Gallery Personality Psychology Mind Map
Mind map for self-use in Psychology Postgraduate Entrance Examination 347. Personality is a relatively stable and unique psychological behavior pattern formed on the basis of innate biological genetic qualities through interaction with acquired social environment.
Edited at 2024-10-16 21:50:35Diese Vorlage zeigt die Struktur und Funktion des Fortpflanzungssystems in Form einer Mind Map. Es führt die verschiedenen Komponenten der internen und externen Genitalien ein und sortiert das Wissen eindeutig aus, um Ihnen dabei zu helfen, mit den wichtigsten Wissenspunkten vertraut zu werden.
Dies ist eine Mind Map über die Interpretation und Zusammenfassung des Beziehungsfeldes E-Book, des Hauptinhalts: Überblick über die Essenzinterpretation und Übersicht über das Feld E-Book. "Relationship Field" bezieht sich auf das komplexe zwischenmenschliche Netzwerk, in dem ein Individuum andere durch spezifische Verhaltensweisen und Einstellungen beeinflusst.
Dies ist eine Mind Map über Buchhaltungsbücher und Buchhaltungsunterlagen.
Diese Vorlage zeigt die Struktur und Funktion des Fortpflanzungssystems in Form einer Mind Map. Es führt die verschiedenen Komponenten der internen und externen Genitalien ein und sortiert das Wissen eindeutig aus, um Ihnen dabei zu helfen, mit den wichtigsten Wissenspunkten vertraut zu werden.
Dies ist eine Mind Map über die Interpretation und Zusammenfassung des Beziehungsfeldes E-Book, des Hauptinhalts: Überblick über die Essenzinterpretation und Übersicht über das Feld E-Book. "Relationship Field" bezieht sich auf das komplexe zwischenmenschliche Netzwerk, in dem ein Individuum andere durch spezifische Verhaltensweisen und Einstellungen beeinflusst.
Dies ist eine Mind Map über Buchhaltungsbücher und Buchhaltungsunterlagen.
Personality Psychology (written by Jerry Burger, translated by Chen Huichang, eighth edition)
1What is personality
people and environment
Definition of personality
Personality can be defined as the stable patterns of behavior and internal processes that arise from the individual himself
Six schools of personality
Two examples: aggression and depression
attack
depression
Personality and Culture
Individualistic cultures are strong in individual needs and achievements. People living in this culture tend to see themselves as independent, unique people.
People in collectivistic cultures tend to identify themselves with a larger group, such as family, religion, and nation.
Personality Research: Theory, Application, Evaluation, and Research
theory
Genetic and environmental influences
Does consciousness determine behavior or does unconsciousness determine behavior?
free will and determinism
application
evaluate
Research
2Personality research methods
Hypothesis-Testing Method
Theories and Hypotheses
experimental variables
Manipulated and unmanipulated independent variables
Prediction and explanation beforehand
Repeat the study
case study method
Limitations of the case study method
It is difficult to infer from individual cases to others
Difficult to determine cause and effect.
Researchers' subjective judgment often hinders scientific objectivity
Advantages of case study method
Suitable for investigating some rare cases
When researchers believe that the individuals they are studying are not essentially different from normal people in the dimensions that need to be examined, the case method is also suitable.
subtopic
The case approach is also appropriate when describing a treatment approach.
Researchers may use the case method simply to demonstrate some possibilities.
Statistical analysis of data
statistical significance
Correlation coefficient
personality assessment
reliability
validity
Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures something consistent with what it is intended to measure.
face validity
compatible validity
discriminant validity
behavioral confirmation
3 Psychoanalytic schools: Freud’s theory, application and evaluation
Freud discovered the unconscious
free association
Freud's theory of personality
anatomical model
Consciousness, preconsciousness and unconsciousness
structural model
Id
pleasure principle
neurotic anxiety
self
reality principle
reality anxiety
superego
moral principles
moral anxiety and moral anxiety
Life instinct and death instinct
defense mechanism
depress
sublimation
substitute
deny
reverse effect
intellectualize
projection
psychosexual development stages
0-18 months oral period
anal phase
Genital stage 3-6 years old
incubation period
Reproductive period
Uncovering unconscious content
Dream
projective test
free association
Freud's slip of the tongue
Hypnosis
Accident
symbolic act
Application: psychoanalysis
impedance
Empathy
Evaluation: Projective Test
Types of projective tests
Comments on projective testing
Advantages and Criticisms of Freud's Theory
Advantages
criticize
4 Freudian School: Related Research
Dream Interpretation
dream meaning
dream function
interpretation of evidence
defense mechanism
Definition and Measurement of Defense Mechanisms
developmental differences
defensive style
humor
Freud's theory of humor
A study of Freud's theory of humor
Use hostile humor to reduce aggression
Tension and funny levels
Interpretation of research results
Hypnosis
What is hypnosis?
Theories influenced by psychoanalytic perspectives
social cognitive theory of hypnosis
susceptibility to hypnosis
5 Schools of Psychoanalysis: Theory, Application and Evaluation of Freudism
Limitations and Weaknesses of Freud's Theory
Alfred Adler
seeking superiority
Parental influence on personality development
birth order
Carl Jung
collective unconscious
original imagery
prototype
some important prototypes
anima
animus
shadow
Evidence for the collective unconscious
Eric Erikson
Erikson's self-concept
Identity
identity crisis
life-long development of personality
Infancy 0-2 years old: basic trust vs. distrust.
Toddlerhood 2-4 years: Autonomy versus shyness and doubt
Preschool years 4-7 years: Initiative versus guilt
School age 7-12: Sense of diligence versus sense of inferiority.
Adolescence 12-18: Identity versus role confusion
legal deferment period
Early adulthood 18-25: Intimacy versus loneliness
Middle adulthood 25-50: Sense of reproduction versus stagnation
Old age after 50: sense of self-integrity versus despair
Karen Horney
neurosis
close to the crowd
against the crowd
break away from the crowd
female psychology
Application: Psychoanalytic Theory and Religion
Rating: Personal Narrative
Measuring personality using personal narratives
Sense of reproduction and life experience
Advantages and Criticisms of Neo-Freudianism
Advantages
criticize
6 Neo-Freudian Theory: Related Research
Anxiety and coping strategies
Coping with Anxiety
Types of coping strategies
active role strategy
emotion-centered strategies
problem focus strategy
avoidance strategies
The effectiveness of coping strategies
Psychoanalytic Concepts and Attacks
Frustration and Attack
alternative attack
triggered substitution attack
Catharsis and attack
Attachment styles and adult relationships
Object relations theory and attachment theory
adult attachment styles
Other models and measurements
Attachment styles and love relationships
7 Trait Schools: Theory, Application and Evaluation
trait theory
Personality is composed of different trait dimensions
Characteristics of trait theory
famous trait theorist
Gordon Allport
Basic strategies for studying personality
general law research method
special law research method
trait type
common traits
personal traits
description of self
Healthy personality concept
Henry Murray
psychogenic needs
raymond cartel
factor analysis
Theoretical model p163
Factor analysis and exploration of personality structure
big five
neurotic
Extraversion
Novelty
Affinity
Conscientiousness
Criticisms of the Big Five Model and Its Limitations
The debate between situation theory and trait theory
Criticism of trait theory
Tailor-made measurements do not accurately predict behavior
No evidence to support cross-situational consistency
A defense of personality traits
behavioral measurement
Identify relevant traits
Application: The “Big Five” in the workplace
Evaluation: self-report questionnaire
Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory
Problems with self-report questionnaires
camouflage
Perfunctory and troublemaking
response tendency
Advantages and Criticisms of the Trait School
Advantages
criticize
8 Trait Genres: Related Research
achievement motivation
Characteristics of Highly Achievement Motivators
predictions of successful behavior
gender, culture and achievement
attribution
achieve goals
Type A personality, hostility and health
Type A as a personality variable
hostility and health
social anxiety
Characteristics of someone with social anxiety
Social anxiety explained
mood
emotional sensitivity
intensity of emotion
emotional expression
optimism and pessimism
Coping with adversity
optimism and health
defensive pessimism
9 Schools of Biology: Theory, Application and Evaluation
Hans Eysenck's theory of personality
personality structure
extroversion introversion
neurotic
Psychoticism
Physiological Differences: Stimulus Sensitivity and Behavioral Systems
reinforcement sensitivity theory
behavioral system
Behavioral approach to the system
behavioral inhibition system
biological basis of personality
temperament
Temperament and Personality
Inhibited and non-inhibited children
evolutionary personality psychology
Natural selection and psychological mechanisms
Anxiety and social exclusion
Application: Children's temperament and school education
Temperament and academic performance
Good matching model
Evaluation: Electrical activity and brain asymmetry
Brain activity measurement
brain asymmetry
Individual differences in brain asymmetry
Advantages and Criticisms of Biological Schools
Advantages
criticize
10 Schools of Biology: Related Research
Heritability of personality traits
Separate environmental and genetic influences
Problems in genetic research
extroversion-introversion
The heritability of extraversion
Extraversion and preferred arousal level
Extraversion and happiness
Evolutionary personality theory and mate selection
What does a man want in a woman?
What do women want in a man?
Conclusions and limitations
11 Humanistic Schools: Theory, Application and Evaluation
The origins of humanistic psychology
Basic elements of the humanistic school
personal responsibility
here and now
phenomenology of the individual
personal growth
fully functioning person
self-actualization
Carl Rogers
fully functioning person
anxiety and defensiveness
Conditional appreciation and unconditional positive regard
Abraham Maslow
motivations and needs hierarchy
scarcity motive
growth motivation
Misunderstandings about Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Research on mentally healthy people
The psychology of optimal experience
Mihaly: best experience
Optimum experience and joy in daily activities
Application: Person-centered therapy and job satisfaction
person-centered therapy
job satisfaction and hierarchy of needs
Evaluation: Q-sort technology
Advantages and Criticisms of Humanistic Theory
Advantages
criticize
12 Schools of Humanism: Related Research
self-disclosure
revealed mutuality
Self-disclosure among friends and lovers
Gender differences in self-disclosure
Disclosure of traumatic experiences
Lonely
Defining and measuring loneliness
chronically lonely person
causes of loneliness
self-esteem
Self-esteem and reactions to failure
self worth portfolio
self-esteem and culture
alone
alone time
Individual differences in preference for solitude
13 Behaviorism/Social Learning School: Theory, Application and Evaluation
behaviorism
Basic principles of conditioned reflexes
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
shape
Generalization and differentiation
Roth_social learning theory
behavioral potential
expect
Reinforcement value
Social Cognitive Theory Bandura
reciprocal determinism
Imagination and self-regulation
observational learning
Application: Behavior modification and self-efficacy therapy
Explanation of psychological disorders
behavior modification
Application of classical conditioning
Application of operant conditioning
self-efficacy
Evaluation: Behavioral Observation Method
direct observation
self-monitoring
others observe
Advantages and Criticisms of the Behaviorist/Social Learning School
Advantages
criticize
14 Behaviorism/Social Learning School: Related Research
Individual differences in gender role behavior
masculine-feminine
androgyny
Gender type and mental health.
Gender types and relationships
oversharing
aggressive observational learning
Bandura's four-step model
Media violence and aggression
violent video games
learned helplessness
learned helplessness
Human learned helplessness
Applications of learned helplessness
The habitual helplessness of the elderly
Learned helplessness and psychological disorders
control point
Locus of control and happiness
psychological disorder
Achievement
psychotherapy
Locus of control and health
15 Cognitive schools: theory, application and evaluation
personal construct theory
Scientist's point of view
personal construction system
psychological problems
cognitive personality variables
Schema
cognitive representation of self
self-schema
possible self
self-inconsistency
Application: Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy
rational emotive therapy
Evaluation: Rotating Presentation Grid Method
Advantages and Criticisms of the Cognitive School
Advantages
criticize
16 Cognitive Schools: Related Research
Cognition and aggression
General attack model
Reactive aggression in boys
Gender, memory and interpretation
emotional memory
memory of relationships
Cognition and depression
depressive schema
negative cognitive style
Supplement p51
Regress
isolation
offset
Convert
compensate
rationalization