Bleeding after sexual intercourse: This is one of the most common early symptoms of cervical cancer. A small amount of vaginal bleeding usually occurs after sexual intercourse. It is bright red in color and can stop on its own.

Bleeding after gynecological examination: A small amount of vaginal bleeding occurs after gynecological examination, such as vaginal speculum examination, bimanual examination and other operations, which is easy to be ignored, but it requires vigilance.

Non-menstrual bleeding: It can occur at any time during the menstrual cycle, and the amount of bleeding varies. Some are just spotting, while others are similar to menstrual bleeding, or even more.

Prolonged menstrual period and increased menstrual volume: Some patients experience prolonged menstrual duration, an increase in the number of days of the original normal menstrual period, and an increase in menstrual volume. This may be due to the tumor affecting the normal bleeding mechanism of the uterus.

Thin and watery or rice-like: The fluid discharged from the vagina is mostly white and thin in texture, similar to rice water. It can also be bloody, may be accompanied by a small amount of blood streaks or be light red, and generally has no peculiar smell.

Continuous or intermittent discharge: The discharge can be continuous or intermittent. The amount may be small in the early stage, but may gradually increase as the disease progresses.

Compression of the ureter (hydronephrosis, uremia): When a tumor invades and compresses the ureter, it can cause ureteral obstruction and cause hydronephrosis. If both ureters are compressed and hydronephrosis is further aggravated, uremia may develop, and the patient may experience nausea, vomiting, fatigue, edema and other symptoms.

Compression of the rectum (constipation, tenesmus, etc.): The tumor compresses the rectum backward, which can cause difficulty in defecation, manifested as constipation, dry stool, and difficulty in evacuation. At the same time, patients often have tenesmus, that is, they feel an urgency to defecate, but the amount of defecation is small each time, and they still feel that they have not been defecated after defecation.

Compression of the bladder (frequency, urgency, dysuria, hematuria, etc.): Cervical cancer invades the bladder forward and can irritate the bladder mucosa, leading to frequent urination and urgency, that is, increased urination frequency and an obvious sense of urgency; if the bladder mucosa is damaged, it can also cause Pain during urination occurs, and there is a tingling sensation in the urethra during urination. In severe cases, hematuria may appear, and the urine may be red or watery.

Lower abdominal pain: It is mostly persistent pain with varying degrees of severity. It may be caused by the tumor invading surrounding tissues and organs, or the pelvic nerves being compressed or stretched.

Lumbosacral pain: Pain is located in the lumbosacral region and can radiate to the buttocks and lower limbs. It is usually dull pain or soreness. The pain may worsen after exertion, standing or sitting for a long time, and it is difficult to completely relieve it after resting.

Sciatica (rare, when a tumor invades the sciatic nerve): manifests as pain along the course of the sciatic nerve, radiating from the buttocks to the back of the thigh and the outside of the calf, with a radiating stabbing or electric shock-like pain, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as numbness and weakness in the lower limbs. .

Weight loss: During the course of the disease, the patient gradually loses weight and body fat and muscle mass. This may be due to the tumor consuming body energy. At the same time, the patient suffers from loss of appetite and insufficient nutritional intake due to vaginal bleeding, discharge and other discomforts.

General fatigue and reduced activity tolerance: I often feel extremely weak, and even slight activities will make me feel exhausted, which seriously affects my daily life and work.

Low-grade fever (common): The body temperature is generally between 37.5°C and 38°C. It may persist or reoccur repeatedly. It may be due to heat absorption caused by necrosis and absorption of tumor tissue.

High fever (rare, due to combined infection): When cervical cancer patients are combined with local or systemic infections, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, urinary system infection, etc., high fever may occur, with the body temperature reaching above 39°C, accompanied by chills and pain in the corresponding parts. or symptoms such as discomfort.

Bivalent vaccine: Targets HPV types 16 and 18 and prevents about 70% of cervical cancer. Suitable ages for vaccination are 9-45 years old.

Quadrivalent vaccine: covers HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18, and can prevent about 70% of cervical cancer and 90% of genital warts. Vaccination age 20-45 years.

Nine-valent vaccine: Targets HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58, and can prevent about 90% of cervical cancer and related lesions and 90% of genital warts. Vaccination age 16-26 years.

Safe sex: Promote the use of condoms, reduce the number of sexual partners, and avoid starting sex too early.

Hygiene habits: Pay attention to personal hygiene and keep the vulva clean, but avoid excessive cleaning that damages the vaginal microecology.

Lifestyle: quit smoking and limit alcohol, eat a balanced diet, exercise moderately, and enhance immunity.

Screening methods

Screening frequency

Special groups: People with low immune function, HIV infection, etc. should be screened more frequently or based on doctor’s recommendations.

surgical treatment

radiation therapy

chemotherapy

targeted therapy

Immunotherapy