Low excitability, slow contractions

Slow self-discipline

weak tension

Stretchability

sensitivity

Resting potential: small, fluctuating

Slow wave potential: basic electrical rhythm, starting potential, control wave of contraction rhythm, originating from the "longitudinal ring", cajal ICC (Ca inflow)

Action potential: low amplitude, varying sizes (Ca inflow), contractility is related to the number of APs

Composition: organic matter (digestive enzymes, mucus, antibodies), ions, water.

#Function

parasympathetic nerve

Sympathetic nerve

Submucosal nerves originate from: gland cells/epithelial cells

Myenteric plexus: smooth muscle

Memorize the textbooks on the secretions and functions of each by yourself

#Function

Moisturizing and dissolving food

Starch → maltose

Remove residues, dilute toxic substances, sterilize (lysozyme, immunoglobulins)

Excretion of heavy metals, cyanide, rabies virus.

conditioned reflex

Unconditioned reflex: 5, 7, 9, 10➡️Superior salivary nucleus/inferior salivary nucleus of medulla oblongata➡️7, 9➡️Sympathetic/parasympathetic

Food irritation to the esophagus ➡️Vagal suppression: #VIP, NO

Food enters the stomach ➡️Vagal excitement: ach

Humoral factors: gastrin, motilin, secretin, cholecystokinin, prostaglandin A2

exocrine glands

endocrine cells

hydrochloric acid

pepsinogen

intrinsic factor

Mucus and bicarbonate

Mucus-bicarbonate barrier

gastric mucosal barrier

prostaglandins

epidermal growth factor

Damage: alcohol, indomethacin, non-steroidal (aspirin), Helicobacter pylori,

Head phase (mainly nerve)

gastric stage

Intestinal phase (mainly fluids)

Promote

inhibition

other

tonic contraction

receptive relaxation

Peristalsis: middle stomach ➡️pylorus (affected by slow waves)

Speed: fast for liquids, fast for small particles, and fast for isotonicity. Sugar>Protein>Fat

control

Inorganic: hco3, cl

organic

Natural factors: food

Neurological factors:

Humoral factors: (major)

Liver bile: golden, translucent, weakly alkaline

Gallbladder bile: dark brown, weakly acidic

Promote fat digestion: Bile salts, lecithin, and cholesterol act as emulsifiers to increase the area of ​​action of pancreatic lipase

Promote the absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins (adek): bile salts form water-soluble mixed micelles

Neutralizes gastric acid, choleretic: Ileal mucosa (active transport) ➡️Portal vein ➡️Bile (enterohepatic circulation)/Bile salts can stimulate hepatic bile secretion

Nerve: Vagus

Body fluids: ⊕ Gastrin, secretin (hydrochloric acid promotes secretin), cholecystokinin, bile salts

tonic contraction

segmented movement

squirm

effect

adjust

transcellular pathways

paracellular pathway

Active process, the concentration gradient generated by the Na pump, the Na in the cells goes out, and then the Na from the outside enters the intestinal lumen.

Causes symporting transport of glucose and amino acids.

related to demand

Vc promotes absorption (divalent iron is better absorbed)

Hydrochloric acid promotes absorption (subtotal gastrectomy can cause anemia)

Vitamin D: 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D3

Calcium requirements (children/lactating women)

ph, 3 is the best, phosphate inhibits, fatty acid promotes

Ca salts can be absorbed in aqueous solution, such as cacl2, calcium gluconate

way:

The small intestine is completely absorbed

small intestinal mucosal epithelium

Liver bile: golden, translucent, weakly alkaline 7.4

Gallbladder bile: dark brown, weak acid 6.8