MindMap Gallery Common Philosophical Knowledge
This is a mind map about common sense of philosophy. It summarizes and organizes knowledge points and covers all core content, which is very convenient for everyone to learn. Suitable for exam review and preview, improving learning efficiency. Hurry up and collect and study together!
Edited at 2025-01-03 10:18:38Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Common Philosophical Knowledge
materialism
Ancient simple materialism
The origin of the world
Real things
Keywords
Gold, wood, water, fire, earth, and five elements
Water is the foundation of all things
The world is a perpetual burning fire
shape
The body exists, the spirit exists; the body disappears, the spirit disappears
gas
Specific substances
Qi is the basis of reason
yin and yang
Heaven and earth merge and all things are born, yin and yang connect and change
Device
According to the instrument, the Tao exists; leaving the instrument, the Tao is destroyed;
Modern metaphysical materialism
The origin of the world
Atoms in the natural science
defect
Metaphysical
Isolated, still, one-sided
Dialectical materialism and historical materialism (Ma Zhe)
The origin of the world is matter
The only characteristic of matter is objective reality
idealism
Consciousness/spirit
Subjective idealism
The essence of the world
Human spirit
Keywords
I
Everything is in my place
I think so I am
Heart
Nothing outside the heart
My heart is the universe
people
Man is the standard of all things
Perception
Concept
Words related to people
Being perceived
Things are a collection of ideas
Objective idealism
The world is original
Spirit beyond human
Keywords
god
God, God, Pangu
reason
Don't keep the laws of nature and eliminate human desires
road
Tao gives birth to one, one gives birth to two, two gives birth to three, three gives birth to all things
Absolutely Spiritual
Hegel: The whole world is the product of "absolute spirit"
materialist dialectics
Two major features
connect
feature
universality
objectivity
Conditional
Diversity
Whole and part
The overall dominant position, the leader part
Key parts play a decisive role in the overall
The whole is an organic combination of various parts, and the whole has new functions that part does not have.
develop
substance
New things come into being, old things die
Signs of the difference between old and new things
Is it combined with the inevitable trend of physical development?
Methodology
Looking at problems from a development perspective
Three major rules
The law of unity of opposition
Identity and struggle
Struggle
Identity
example
Interdependence
Mutual transformation
relation
The conflicting nature of contradictions is absolute and unconditional
The identity of contradictions is relative and conditional
The conflicting nature of contradictions is in identity
Universality and particularity
meaning
universality
Speciality
Methodology
example
Specific analysis of specific issues
relation
Universality is contained in particularity and manifested through particularity
Imbalance
principle
Combined with application test
Complex things
Main contradiction
Dominance determines role
Secondary contradiction
A thing
The main aspects of the contradiction
Dominant role
The secondary aspect of contradiction
Methodology
The Unity of Two Points and Key Points
Internal and external causes
example
The internal cause is based on the first atom
External factors are conditions, external factors work through internal factors
The combined effect of internal and external factors
The law of mutual change of quality
Quantitative change, qualitative change
meaning
The increase or decrease of the number of things and the change in the order of the arrangement of components
Distinguishing signs
Is it exceeding a certain limit
example
relation
Quantitative change is a necessary preparation for qualitative change
Old words
Qualitative change is the inevitable result of quantitative change
Methodology
Adhere to the principle of moderation
Pay attention to accumulation of amount
Negative law
Dialectical Negation
Dialectical Negative Substantiveness—Yangqi
Take the essence and remove the dross
content
Affirm → Negative → Negative
Methodology
The development of things is the unity of progressiveness and twists and turns
Epistemology
principle
Practice determines understanding
Practice is the source of knowledge
Practice is the driving force for understanding development
Practice is the purpose and destination of cognition
Practice is the only criterion for testing whether to understand the correctness or not
Reflection on practice
Scientific understanding plays a role in promoting practice
Misunderstandings hinder practice
Methodology
Looking at the problem from a practical point of view
Classic Examples
The knowledge you get on paper is shallow, and you must practice it yourself if you know it.
No investigation, no right to speak
If you don’t climb a high mountain, you don’t know how high the sky is; if you don’t come to the abyss, you don’t know how thick the earth is
A gentleman's learning has never been separated from his actions and is sure to know it.
It is better to hear it than to hear it than to see it than to see it, it is better to know it than to know it than to do it
historical materialism
Basic social contradictions
The contradiction between productivity and production relations
Elements of productivity
Workers
Labor information
Production tools: a sign of the level of productivity development
Objects of labor
Static composition of production relations
Ownership form of means of production
Who owns it
decisive
People's status and relationships
Product distribution form
The relationship between productivity and production relations
Productivity determines production relations
Production relations react on productivity
Conflict between economic foundation and superstructure
Economic foundation
The sum of production relations determined by productivity at a certain stage of social development
Public ownership
Superstructure
Political superstructure
Systems, facilities
National political system
Legislative Judicial System
Ideological Superstructure (ideology)
Thoughts and concepts
facility
Government agencies
Party and League
army
prison
relation
Economic foundation determines superstructure
Superstructure reacts to economic foundation
The relationship between social existence and social consciousness
The main contradictions in society
The contradiction between the people's growing better life needs unbalanced and inadequate development