Eyelids

conjunctiva

cornea

sclera

Choroidal

Retina

Lens

Glass body

Function: Control eye movement

Structure: Six extraocular muscles, including four rectus and two oblique muscles

Function: Secrete tears to keep the eyeball moist

Structure: located above the eye orbit, secreting tear fluid to the conjunctiva sac

Function: Protect eyeballs and eye attachment structures

Structure: A cavity composed of bones

Function: transmit neural signals generated by the retina to the brain

Structure: Collection of optic nerve fibers

Function: Partial nerve fibers cross to achieve binocular vision

Structure: The intersection of nerves located at the base of the brain

Function: transmit nerve signals after optic crossover to the visual cortex of the brain

Structure: Nerve fiber bundle

Function: Process visual information and form visual perception

Structure: The primary visual processing area located in the occipital lobe of the brain

Function: Refract light through the cornea and lens

Mechanism: Changes in velocity lead to refraction when light passes through different media

Function: Change the curvature of the lens to clearly focus objects at different distances

Mechanism: Ciliary muscle contracts or relaxes, changing the shape of the lens

Function: Control the amount of light entering the eye

Mechanism: Sphincter and pupil open muscle in the iris regulate pupil size

Function: Track moving objects to maintain visual stability

Mechanism: Extraocular muscles work together to achieve precise movement of the eyeball

Functions: Lubricate the eyeballs, clean and protect the cornea

Mechanism: The lacrimal gland secretes tear fluid, which is distributed on the surface of the eye through blinking, and finally flows into the nasolac duct and is discharged.

Function: Clear foreign objects on the surface of the eyeball and keep them moist

Mechanism: Quick closure of eyelids

Function: adapt to different lighting conditions

Mechanism: The pupil shrinks in strong light and expands in low light

Function: Adapt to light changes and keep visually clear

Mechanism: Adaptive changes of retinal photoreceptor cells to light intensity

Type: myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism

Symptoms: Blurry vision, required for correction through glasses or surgery

Symptoms: The lens is cloudy, resulting in decreased vision

Treatment: Drug or surgical treatment

Symptoms: Increased intraocular pressure, damage to the optic nerve, and may lead to blindness

Treatment: Drugs, lasers or surgery to reduce intraocular pressure

Symptoms: Inadequate secretion of tears, dry eyes

Treatment: Artificial tears, medication or surgical treatment

Symptoms: Retinal macular area function deteriorates, affecting central vision

Treatment: Drug therapy, laser therapy or vitamin supplementation

Method: Eye chart test to evaluate vision clarity

Method: Use an tonometer to detect intraocular pressure

Method: Use fundoscopy to observe the retina and blood vessel status

Methods: Use corneal topography to detect corneal curvature and morphology

Methods: Use slit lamp microscopy to examine the anterior ocular structure

Methods: Evaluate visual function by recording electrical activity of the retina and visual pathways

Methods: Use ultrasound to examine the internal structure of the eyeball, such as the vitreous and retina

Method: Use magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography to check for abnormal ocular structure