MindMap Gallery Zoology-mind map of the main characteristics of Amphibians
This is a mind map about the main characteristics of Amphibians, including the skin system, skeletal system, digestive system, Respiratory system etc.
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This infographic, created using EdrawMax, outlines the pivotal moments in African American history from 1619 to the present. It highlights significant events such as emancipation, key civil rights legislation, and notable achievements that have shaped the social and political landscape. The timeline serves as a visual representation of the struggle for equality and justice, emphasizing the resilience and contributions of African Americans throughout history.
This infographic, designed with EdrawMax, presents a detailed timeline of the evolution of voting rights and citizenship in the U.S. from 1870 to the present. It highlights key legislative milestones, court decisions, and societal changes that have expanded or challenged voting access. The timeline underscores the ongoing struggle for equality and the continuous efforts to secure voting rights for all citizens, reflecting the dynamic nature of democracy in America.
This infographic, created using EdrawMax, highlights the rich cultural heritage and outstanding contributions of African Americans. It covers key areas such as STEM innovations, literature and thought, global influence of music and arts, and historical preservation. The document showcases influential figures and institutions that have played pivotal roles in shaping science, medicine, literature, and public memory, underscoring the integral role of African American contributions to society.
Amphibians
Main features
external form
caecilian type
Salamander type
frog type
Initial terrestrial adaptation
1Five-finger type
2 cervical and sacral vertebrae
3 Lungs and Nervous System
4 sensory systems
Basic characteristics of all land animals: metamorphosis and development
Integumentary system
Characteristics: The skin is exposed, thin and moist, lacking the outer covering of cutin and bone.
Do not press completely to prevent water from evaporating
Amphibians must live in a warm and humid environment near water. Even if they can live far away from water, they cannot be short of water for a long time.
A large number of multicellular glands and pigment cells sink into the dermis. The multicellular glands and pigment cells have channels leading to the surface skin, including venom glands and mucus glands. There are a large number of fine blood vessels in the dermis.
Change body color
absorb heat
form protective color
Controlled by hormones secreted by the pituitary gland
skin derivatives
Mucous glands, chromatophores, venom glands
Mucus: It plays a certain role in helping the male and female to "pair up" during reproduction.
skeletal system
The spine includes cervical vertebrae (one piece), trunk vertebrae, sacral vertebrae (one piece) and coccygeal vertebrae. Characteristics of terrestrial animals: cervical and sacral vertebrae
The limbs are five-toed (four fingers and five toes), and this type of appendage has multiple fulcrum lever joints.
Amphibian shoulder straps are reinforced
coracoid
shoulder blade
coracoid
clavicle
belt
Bones
ischium
pubic
digestive system
It consists of the digestive tract and digestive glands. The digestive glands are mainly the liver and pancreas.
respiratory system
larvae
gill respiration
adult
lung
Skin (especially important during hibernation, major)
Breathing action (pharyngeal breathing) is generally completed by raising and lowering the floor of the mouth
vomeronasal organ: a pair of organs on the inside of the nose that sense air and chemicals
internal nares
sense of smell
air inlet and outlet ducts
circulatory system
larval single cycle
One atrium and one ventricle
Incomplete double circulation in adults
Left atrium, right atrium + one ventricle + sinus venosus
Divided into blood circulation and lymph circulation
excretory system
Kidneys (most important)
Pronephros: excretory organ of embryonic stage. mesonephros: adult excretory organ
ureter
Female: ureter
Male: ureter and insemination
Most bladders are cloacal bladders, derived from mesoderm
skin
bladder
reproductive system
Mostly oviparous (not all)
Gonads: testes and ovaries
Characteristics that restrict amphibians from living on land: water is indispensable for reproduction, multiple in vitro fertilization, and in vitro development
nervous system
Central Nervous System
The brain (the central nervous system of the frog) has ten pairs of nerves, divided into cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, and cerebellum.
spinal cord