cell membrane

cell nucleus

cytoplasm

dendritic spines

axis hillock

Axial membrane

Axoplasm

axon terminal

chemical synapse

electrical synapse

multipolar neuron

bipolar neurons

pseudounipolar neuron

Golgi type neuron

Golgi type II neurons

Sensory neurons (afferent neurons)

Motor neurons (efferent neurons)

interneurons

cholinergic neurons

noradrenergic neurons

aminergic neurons

aminoacidergic neurons

peptidergic neurons

acetylcholine

Such as norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, etc.

Such as γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine and glutamic acid, etc.

Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide

Such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, enkephalin, neurotensin, cholecystokinin, vasopressin and hypothalamic releasing hormone, etc., about 60 kinds

Some neuropeptides are also found in the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, so they are collectively called brain-gut peptides.

fibrous astrocytes

protoplasmic astrocytes

Have phagocytic function

Promote peripheral nerve regeneration, promote the survival of injured neurons and their axon regeneration

internodal body

Lang Feijie

The myelin sheath is formed by the footplate wrapping the scroll process at the end of the process of oligodendrocytes. There is no basement membrane on the surface of the nerve fiber, and there is no myelin notch in the myelin sheath.

It is composed of the tiny axon of the neuron and the Schwann cells surrounding it. The Schwann cells have a basement membrane outside.

No base film

sensory nerves

motor nerve

mixed nerve

epineurium

nerve fiber bundle

perineurium

nerve fibers

endoneurium

free nerve endings

capsulated nerve endings

somatic motor nerve endings

visceral motor nerve endings

retrograde collapse

Anterograde collapse

The survival of injured neuron cell bodies is dependent on the regeneration of nerve fibers

are multipolar neurons

molecular layer

outer granular layer

outer pyramidal cell layer

inner granular layer

inner pyramidal cell layer

polymorphous cell layer

neural circuit

Astrocytes, basket cells, Purkinje cells, granule cells, Golgi cells

Molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, granular layer

Among the five types of neurons in the cerebellum, Purkinje cells are the only efferent neurons. The five types of neurons form a complex circuit in the cortex, excitating or inhibiting Purkinje cells, and ultimately regulating Purkinje cells. activity

The afferent fibers of the cerebellum mainly include climbing fibers, mossy fibers, and monoaminergic fibers.

Contains mainly anterior horn motor neurons

The types of neurons are complex, mostly small neurons that mainly receive nerve impulses from posterior root fibers.

Mainly contains medium-sized neurons, which are visceral motor neurons and preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.

dura mater

arachnoid membrane

Soft film

The main function is to secrete cerebrospinal fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid nourishes and protects the brain and spinal cord, and plays a role in the regulation of the neuroendocrine system

Mainly composed of brain capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane and glial membrane

Mainly composed of choroid plexus epithelium and choroid plexus capillary endothelium

It is mainly composed of the pia mater on the brain surface, the glial membrane and the ependyma of the ventricles.

sensory ganglion

multipolar motor neurons