Through the motorized saline α2 receptors and I1 oxazoline receptors, it inhibits the outgoing impulses from the sympathetic nerve center, dilates peripheral blood vessels and lowers blood pressure.

drug

When this type of drug is combined with beta-receptor antagonists, a strong rebound phenomenon may occur after initially lowering blood pressure. Combined use with other antihypertensive drugs can enhance the antihypertensive effect of this drug.

Drugs (reserpine)

beta receptor antagonists

α1 receptor antagonists

By inhibiting ACE, this class of drugs reduces the production of Ang II, dilates blood vessels, reduces peripheral resistance, decreases aldosterone secretion, increases water and sodium excretion, decreases NA release, and decreases blood pressure.

Medication (Captopril)

Medication (Losartan)

Effect on myocardium

Effect on smooth muscle

Improve tissue blood flow

Improve cardiovascular pathological changes

Renal protection

Antihypertensive (this type of drug dilates blood vessels, reduces peripheral resistance and lowers blood pressure)

anti-angina pectoris

Arrhythmia

cerebrovascular disease

other

Common adverse reactions include flushing, headache, dizziness, nausea and constipation. Serious adverse reactions include hypotension, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, and depression of cardiac function.

Medication (nifedipine)

Vascular smooth muscle relaxants

Potassium channel modulators (drugs: benzothiazines, minoxidil, pinacidil)

Commonly used clinically are digoxin, trichoside C, trichosanthes k, and digoxin

Ability to inhibit Na-K-ATPase on cardiomyocytes

The safety range is small, and the general quality is close to 60% of the poisoning quality. Moreover, the bioavailability and the patient's sensitivity to cardiac glycosides vary greatly among individuals, and toxic reactions of varying degrees are prone to occur.

Mainly stimulates cardiac β1 receptors, significantly enhances myocardial contractility and increases cardiac output.

Clinical drugs include Amrinone, Milrinone, Vesrinone, etc.

By inhibiting phosphodiesterase, it reduces cAMP degradation and increases cAMP content in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells.

Pimobendan is the most commonly used calcium sensitizer in clinical practice. It has cardiotonic and cardiovascular effects. Among them, the activity of L-isomer is greater than that of D-isomer.

ACEI and Ang II receptor inhibitors

Aldosterone receptor antagonists

cardiomyocyte membrane potential

Action potential duration and effective refractory period

Membrane reactivity and conduction velocity

Increased self-discipline

post depolarization

return to excitement

reduce self-discipline

reduced afterdepolarization

Cancel return

Class I (sodium channel blockers)

Class II (β-adrenoceptor antagonists)

Category III (drugs that prolong action potential duration)

Category IV (calcium channel blockers)

Drugs: procainamide, propyridine, lidocaine, phenytoin, focainide

drug:

chemical stability

Drug identification

Pharmacological effects

Indications

adverse reactions

Reduce myocardial oxygen consumption and improve ischemic myocardial blood supply: Calcium channel blockers, by reducing the concentration of calcium ions in myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, weaken myocardial contractility, slow down heart rate, dilate peripheral arteries, and reduce cardiac afterload, thereby making Myocardial oxygen consumption is reduced, coronary artery spasm is relieved, and myocardial blood supply is improved.

Protect ischemic myocardium: During myocardial ischemia, abnormal calcium ion transport in the cell membrane leads to excessive intracellular calcium ions and promotes cell death. This class of drugs reduces the concentration of calcium ions in myocardial cells and can reduce cell damage and death.

Inhibit thrombosis: This class of drugs reduces the concentration of ions in platelets and inhibits their aggregation, thereby inhibiting thrombosis in coronary arteries and helping to prevent myocardial infarction.

chemical stability

Indications

adverse reactions

This type of drug is mainly used for hypercholesterolemia

Medication (Lovastatin)

This type of drugs includes cholestyramine, colestipol, etc., which are orally administered and inserted into the anorectal line to form a complex that is excreted in the feces, blocking the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, thereby consuming a large amount of cholesterol.

This type of drug is mainly used for hyperlipoproteinemia where TG and VLDL are mainly elevated.

Drugs: clofibrate, fenofibrate, bifibrate, gemfibrozil, benzafibrate, ciprofibrate.

It is generally well tolerated and common adverse reactions include mild abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and other gastrointestinal reactions. Occasionally, there are skin rashes, hair loss pain, fatigue, headache, impotence, liver and kidney dysfunction, and hemorrhage.

Niacin can reduce plasma TG, VLDL, and LDL, and increase plasma HDL.

Drugs: acipimox, niacin, 5-fluoronicotinic acid.