MindMap Gallery Medical Parasites—General Review
This mind map for reviewing medical parasites provides a detailed introduction to this knowledge. It is full of useful information and can be used as a reference by interested friends.
Edited at 2023-11-16 17:50:07This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
General review
eggs
liver fluke
Sesame, light yellow, egg cover, acromion, miracidia
Intestinal flukes
Long oval, light yellow, indistinct egg cover
Paragonimus
Oval golden yellow flat egg cover
Schistosoma
Oval, light yellow, no egg cover, small spines, miracidia and miracidia secretions
Taenia solium
Complete—thick embryonic membrane, egg shell, brownish-yellow, radial stripes, six-legged larvae
Incomplete - thin egg shell
Taenia saginata
Similar to Taenia solium
Microhymenometa tapeworm
Round or oval, colorless and transparent, filaments bulging out from both ends of the embryonic membrane.
Echinococcus granulosus
Similar to Taenia tapeworm eggs
roundworms
Fertilized egg - oval, brown, protein membrane, egg cell, crescent-shaped gap
Unfertilized eggs—oblong, brown, thin protein membrane, refractive particles
Infectious roundworm eggs-coiled larvae
Whipworm
spindle-shaped yellow-brown transparent cover one cell
Pinworm
Long oval, colorless and transparent, asymmetrical at both ends, one larva
hookworm
Oval, colorless and transparent, 2 to 4 cells
Trichinella spiralis
Pack of 1 to 2 larvae
Definitive host
Liver flukes - humans Cats, dogs, pigs - liver and bile ducts
Intestinal fluke - human pig - upper small intestine
Paragonimiasis—Human Carnivore—Lung (ectopic parasitism: liver/brain/subcutaneous/muscle)
Schistosoma—Human Buffalo—Portal mesenteric venous system
Taenia solium—Human—Upper small intestine
Taenia saginata—Human—Upper small intestine
Microhymenocarpi tapeworm—Human Rat—Upper small intestine
Echinococcus granulosus—canine, wolf—upper small intestine
Roundworm—Human—Small Intestine
Whipworm—Human—Caecum (ectopic parasite: colon/rectum/ileum)
Pinworm - Human - Cecum/colon/lower ileum (ectopic parasitism: upper small intestine/stomach/esophagus)
Hookworm—Human—Small intestine
Trichinella spiralis—human mammals—duodenum/upper jejunum
Filaria—human—lymphatic system
Entamoeba histolytica—Human—Colon (ectopic parasite: liver, lung, brain)
Leishmania donovani - Human Canine - Macrophages
Giardia lamblia - humans, livestock, pets - duodenum (ectopic parasitism: biliary tract, gallbladder)
Trichomonas vaginalis—human—female vagina, male urethra and prostate
Plasmodium—female Anopheles mosquito
Toxoplasma gondii—cat, feline—intestine
Cryptosporidium - humans animals
first intermediate host
Liver Fluke – Freshwater Snail
Intestinal fluke - flat snail
Paragonimus—freshwater snail
Schistosoma - Oncomelania
Taenia solium - pig/human
Taenia saginata—cattle
Hymenometa microscopic tapeworm—flea/none (autologous superinfection)
Echinococcus granulosus—Human/Primate/Mammal
Strongyloides stercoralis—Human Cats and Dogs—Small Intestine
Trichinella spiralis—switching hosts
Filaria - mosquito
Plasmodium—human—liver cells, red blood cells
Toxoplasma gondii—people, many animals (including cats)
second intermediate host
Liver fluke—freshwater fish and shrimp
Paragonimiasis - creek crabs, crickets
infection stage
Liver flukes - metacercariae
Intestinal flukes - metacercariae
Paragonimiasis - metacercariae
Schistosoma - cercariae
Taenia solium - cysticerci/eggs
Taenia saginata - cysticerci
Microhymenometa tapeworm eggs
Echinococcus granulosus - eggs
Ascaris – eggs in the infective stage
Whipworm—infectious eggs
Pinworms – eggs in the infective stage
Hookworm-filariform larvae
Strongyloides stercoralis—filariform larvae
Trichinella spiralis – larval cysts
Filarial worms - filarial larvae
Entamoeba histolytica—tetranuclear cysts
Leishmania donovani—Promastigotes in the stomach of sand flies
Giardia lamblia—tetranuclear cyst
Trichomonas vaginalis—trophozoites
Plasmodium—sporozoites (from mosquito bites), merozoites (from blood transfusions)
Toxoplasma gondii—oocysts, cysts, pseudocysts
Cryptosporidium - mature oocysts
Pathogenic stage
Entamoeba histolytica—trophozoites
Leishmania donovani - amastigote
Giardia lamblia - trophozoite
Trichomonas vaginalis—trophozoites
Plasmodium—erythrozoic stage, schizophrenia stage
Mode of infection
Liver fluke - mouth - food
Intestinal fluke - mouth - food
Paragonimiasis - mouth - food
Schistosomiasis—Skin
Taenia solium - oral - food
Taenia saginata - mouth - food
Microhymenocarpi tapeworm - autoinfection
Echinococcus granulosus - mouth - food
Roundworm - mouth - food
Whipworm - mouth - food
Pinworms - anus-hand-mouth/air-respiratory tract
Hookworms—skin/mouth/placenta and breast milk
Strongyloides stercoralis—skin
Trichinella spiralis - mouth - food
Filaria - skin
Entamoeba histolytica—oral—food
Leishmania donovani – Sandfly bites on the skin
Giardia lamblia - oral - food
Trichomonas vaginalis – direct/indirect contact
Plasmodium—mosquito bites/blood transfusion/placenta
Toxoplasma gondii—oral/placental
Cryptosporidium - Oral
Pathogenic
liver fluke
biliary cirrhosis
Mild
Asymptomatic
Severe
acute allergic chronic
Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms Hepatosplenomegaly
serious
Dizziness, weight loss, edema, anemia, cirrhosis, death
Intestinal flukes
Hypersensitivity reaction Intestinal obstruction Abdominal pain and diarrhea
Paragonimus
urgent
Mild - asymptomatic/fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and diarrhea
Severe - systemic allergies
slow
Chest and lung type—cough, chest pain, rust-colored bloody sputum
abscess stage
cyst stage
fibrous scar stage
Schistosoma
Cercaria—cercarial dermatitis—I, IV
Childhood bugs - pneumonia, hot flashes, back pain, cough, loss of appetite, diarrhea - hypersensitivity reactions caused by mechanical damage and metabolites
Adult worm—Endophlebitis—III
Eggs-Granuloma (small veins in liver and intestinal wall)-IV
He Boli phenomenon
Main line cirrhosis
Taenia solium
Intestinal tapeworms—gastrointestinal symptoms, proglottids
Cysticercosis—subcutaneous and muscle brain eye
Taenia saginata
Gastrointestinal symptoms Intestinal obstruction Anal itching
Microhymenometa tapeworm
Asymptomatic, nausea and vomiting
Echinococcus granulosus
local compression and irritation
Liver, lung, subcutaneous
Allergic reactions and toxicity
Urticaria, asthma, angioedema
anaphylactic shock
Loss of appetite, anemia, weight loss, developmental disorders
secondary echinococcosis
Liver, gallbladder, lungs, abdominal cavity
roundworms
Ascaricidal pneumonia
Liver/brain/kidney/lymph node ectopic parasitism
Deprivation of nutrients—loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, intermittent periumbilical pain
Hypersensitivity reaction—urticaria
Complications—biliary ascariasis: abdominal pain, radiating pain, nausea and vomiting, ascariasis intestinal obstruction
Whipworm
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and anemia
rectal prolapse
Urticaria, fever
Pinworm
Perianal pruritus
Ectopic parasitism—pinworm appendicitis Pinworm urogenital inflammation
hookworm
hookworm dermatitis
Respiratory system disease
Digestive system disease Xenophilia
iron deficiency anemia
Eosinophilia
hookworm disease in infants
Trichinella spiralis
Invasive phase/intestinal phase—abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, anorexia and fatigue
Transitional phase/muscular phase—fever, swelling, body muscle aches, dysphagia, speech impairment, pneumonia/pleurisy/myocarditis complications and death
Recovery/cyst formation phase—myalgia
Filaria
microfilaremia
acute lymphatic filariasis
chronic lymphatic filariasis
Latent filariasis—tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
amoeba
Amoebic enteritis
Urgent—Intestinal perforation, flask-like ulcer, abdominal pain and diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, tenesmus
Slow-amoebiasis
Extraintestinal amoebiasis
Liver/lung/brain abscess
Leishmania donovani
kala azar
Visceral leishmaniasis
Long-term irregular fever, enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes, anemia of whole blood cells, and rickets
lymph node leishmaniasis
Swelling of lymph nodes throughout the body can heal on its own
Post-kala-azar cutaneous leishmaniasis
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Dark papules on face and neck
Giardia lamblia
Catarrhal inflammation of the small intestine
Carrier-Travelers' Diarrhea
Urgent—abdominal pain, diarrhea, malabsorption, fever and fatigue
Slow - periodic loose stools, malnutrition
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginitis
Urogenital system inflammation
Plasmodium
incubation period
Related to insect species, number of sporozoites, and human immunity
Malaria attack
Periodic chills, high fever, sweating and fever reduction
relapse and relapse
anemia
splenomegaly
Dangerous Malaria
Cerebral type Acute renal failure Severe anemia Hypoglycemia
gastrointestinal malaria
malaria in pregnant women
Toxoplasma gondii
congenital toxoplasmosis
Abortion, stillbirth, malformation
acquired toxoplasmosis
Lymphadenopathy, encephalitis, and HIV infection
Cryptosporidium
diarrhea
diagnosis
liver fluke
Duodenal drainage method > Egg collection and precipitation method > Modified Kato thick smear method
Intestinal flukes (often born)
Physiological saline smear method Egg collection precipitation method
Paragonimus
Sputum-sodium hydroxide centrifugal sediment microscopy
fecal-egg collection method
Schistosoma
Proctoscopy biopsy, smear method to detect worm eggs, worm hatching method
Taenia solium
Fecal examination and proglottid history
Fundusscope Imaging Subcutaneous Biopsy
Taenia saginata
Stool anal swab method
Microhymenometa tapeworm
Stool test
Echinococcus granulosus
CT cyst examination
Surgical check for echinococcosis
roundworms
Normal saline smear method Sputum test
Whipworm
Modified Kato thick smear method
hookworm
Modified Kato thick smear method>Saline smear method, saturated saline flotation method
Strongyloides stercoralis
Microfilariae or rodworms were detected in feces/sputum/urine/cerebrospinal fluid
Trichinella spiralis
muscle biopsy
Filaria
thick blood film method
amoeba
Stool test
Urgent - saline smear method
Slow-iodine smear method
pathogen
High - Proctoscopy
Chronic/subacute high—artificial culture
image
Extraintestinal amoebiasis
immunity, nucleic acid
Leishman
patella puncture
Giardia
Trophozoites—saline smear
Cyst-iodine smear method
Plasmodium
blood film smear method
Toxoplasma gondii
Patient amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid - smear staining/animal inoculation and cell culture/imaging
Cryptosporidium
Oocysts detected in stool test
treat
liver fluke
arsequinone
Intestinal flukes
praziquantel
Paragonimus
praziquantel
Schistosoma
arsequinone, artemisinin
Taenia solium
Areca nut and pumpkin seed method, arsequinone, mebendazole
Operation
Taenia saginata
Areca nut and pumpkin seed method, arsequinone, mebendazole
Operation
Echinococcus granulosus
arsequinone mebendazole albendazole
Operation
roundworms
Melbendazole Albendazole
Whipworm
Melbendazole Albendazole
Pinworm
Melbendazole Albendazole
hookworm
Levamizaboric acid ethanol solution, skin diathermy therapy
Melbendazole Albendazole
Trichinella spiralis
Melbendazole Albendazole
Filaria
Haiqunsheng (ethylamine)
amoeba
Amebic patients - metronidazole
Those with cysts—paromomycin, quiniodide, diclofenide
Extraintestinal amoebiasis - metronidazole, chloroquine
Leishman
Glucose sodium antimonate Pentamidine Diamidine
Splenectomy
Giardia
metronidazole furazolidone
Trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole
Plasmodium
prevention
Mosquito vector control – repellents, insecticides
prophylactic medication
Primaquine—kills liver-stage malaria parasites and dormant parasites
Chloroquine
Mefloquine (to combat chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria)
Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (women and children, chemoprevention)
treat
Primaquine - infrared stage schizont dormant
Chloroquine, Lonaridine, Artemisinin - intraerythrozoite schizonts
Toxoplasma gondii
Pregnant women - spiramycin
Sulfa, pyrimethamine
Cryptosporidium
spiramycin
ectopic parasitism
Paragonimiasis—liver/brain/subcutaneous/muscle
Roundworms—liver/brain/kidney/thyroid
Whipworm—colon/rectum/ileum
Pinworms - upper small intestine/stomach/esophagus (vagina/uterus/urethra)
Entamoeba histolytica—liver/lung/brain
Giardia lamblia—biliary tract/gallbladder
Larvae can migrate
Paragonimus
Schistosoma—skin, liver, lungs, mesenteric veins
Echinococcus granulosus—intestine, liver, lungs
Roundworms—intestines, lungs, pharynx, intestines
Hookworms – skin, lungs, pharynx, intestines
Strongyloides stercoralis—skin, lungs, pharynx, intestines
Trichinella spiralis—intestine, skeletal muscle
Amoeba - colon, liver, brain