Oval

Kinematoplast—the unique identifying structure of amastigotes

fusiform

flagellum

The kinetochore is located in the front, and the basal body is in front of the kinetochore, from which the flagellum is emitted.

Sandflies bite a patient or infected animal host → amastigote-containing macrophages in the blood/skin are aspirated into the stomach

Spindle-shaped promastigotes develop in the stomach of sand flies, and a large number of promastigotes are formed after binary fission and proliferation.

The promastigote moves toward the mouth, the beak

When sandflies bite humans, the promastigotes enter the subcutaneous tissue and are engulfed by macrophages.

Transformed into amastigotes in macrophages

Amastigotes proliferate and then infect other macrophages

Macrophages are massively destroyed

Compensatory hyperplasia of macrophages

Rapid proliferation of plasma cells

immune hemolysis

Visceral leishmaniasis

nodal visceral leishmaniasis

Post-kala-azar cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Bone marrow (patella) (most commonly used)

It is difficult to control insect hosts in hilly and desert epidemic areas

Sandflies are hard to kill

Get rid of sandflies

Glucose sodium antimonate, pentamidine, diamidine

Splenectomy

Inverted pear shape, symmetrical on both sides

a sucker

a pair of nuclei

four pairs of flagella

A pair of bodies

Oval shape, with obvious cracks between the cyst wall and the insect body

Immature cysts have two nuclei and mature cysts have four nuclei.

Mature tetranuclear cysts are ingested orally and excreted in the duodenum

Trophozoites parasitize in the duodenum or upper small intestine and multiply by binary fission

It becomes a cyst in the lower ileum or colon and is excreted in the feces

Insect strain pathogenicity

Insect damage to small intestinal mucosa

A lack of gamma globulin in the blood

disaccharidase deficiency

Traveler's diarrhea - asymptomatic carriers

Acute stage—fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, malabsorption

Chronic phase - periodic loose stools, malnutrition

Check for trophozoites - saline smear

Cyst check - iodine smear

pear shape

oval vesicular core

4 anterior flagella, 1 posterior flagellum

Fluctuating membrane - the insect body acts as a rotating locomotive organ

axis column

parasitic site

infection stage

route of infection

Pathogenic stage

Insect strain virulence

The host's own physiological state - the vaginal self-purification function is weakened

When trichomonas are parasitic, they consume glycogen and destroy the glycolysis of vaginal lactobacilli, resulting in a large number of alkaline bacteria in the vaginal environment.

Trichomonas vaginitis

Urogenital tract inflammation

direct-sexual transmission

Indirect - public baths, swimming pools, sitting toilets

Metronidazole (be careful to treat your spouse at the same time)