The genome has two identical single positive strand RNAs

Long terminal repeats (LTR)

gag, pol, env 3 structural genes

multiple regulatory genes

Icosahedral symmetry (p24)

Globally popular and prone to mutation

Binds to receptors CD4 and CCR5 (CXCR4)

There are neutralizing antigen sites (immune escape, protection is not long-lasting)

Prone to mutation, conducive to immune escape

Mediates the fusion of two membranes with less mutation

gag (capsid protein gene)

pol gene (composing the core of the virus)

env

hypervariable genes

Can be synthesized early in HIV infection

Reduce the expression of CD4 and MHC and interfere with T cell activation

Promote macrophages to express chemokines and attract activated T cells

Lack of nef: T cells are in a quiescent state and HIV infection/replication capacity is reduced

Activate HIV gene transcription

Tat protein can enhance the sensitivity of CD4 T cells to Fas/FasL

ELISA method preliminary screening (high false positive rate), Western blotting (WB)/radioimmunoprecipitation (RIA) confirmation

P24 (early diagnosis)

RT-PCR (very early diagnosis)

viral entry inhibitor

reverse transcriptase inhibitor

integrase inhibitor

viral protease inhibitor