Research result

in conclusion

Stimulus-response theory: classical constraints, operant constraints;

Cognitive theory: Behavior is affected by the strength of personal beliefs;

Value expectancy theory.

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is an important theoretical model that uses psychological concepts to explain health-related behaviors.

The health belief model is a behavioral theoretical framework that motivates people to adopt positive health behaviors. This framework is based on people's desire to avoid negative health outcomes as the original motivation.

This model believes that the factors forming an individual’s health behavior are: ① disease threat (threat), ② outcome expectation (outcome expectation), and ③ efficacy expectation (efficacy expectation).

The core concept of HBM is perception, which refers to the perception of the threat of related diseases and behavioral consequences, that is, health beliefs. The former relies on perceptions of disease susceptibility and severity of disease consequences; the latter includes perceptions of the effectiveness of behavioral changes and barriers to implementation. It is a behaviorally perceived belief.

Health beliefs consist of perceptions of susceptibility to disease or risk factors, their severity, and the benefits and barriers to adopting certain health behaviors.

Perceived threat: Perception of disease threat, including perceived susceptibility and severity.

Perceived susceptibility: refers to the actor's judgment on the possibility of contracting a certain disease or falling into a certain disease state after having a certain understanding of the incidence and prevalence of the disease. The scale depends on the individual's perception of the disease. Subjective perceptions of health and illness.

Perceived severity: refers to the actor's perception of the consequences of suffering from a certain disease, being exposed to certain health risk factors, or not controlling or treating an existing disease. Including ① the judgment of the biological consequences of the disease; ② the judgment of the social consequences of the disease.

Taking lung cancer as an example of self-evaluation of perceived threats.

Perceived benefits: also known as effectiveness, refers to the actor's judgment on whether adopting a certain healthy behavior or giving up a certain harmful behavior can effectively reduce the risk of contracting a certain disease or alleviate the consequences of the disease. Including: ① whether it can effectively prevent the disease; ② whether it can alleviate the pain and reduce the social impact of the disease, etc.

Perceived barriers: refers to the actor's perception of difficulties and resistance in the process of adopting the behavior recommended by doctors or public health personnel, including the tangible and psychological costs of overcoming these difficulties and resistance.

Taking smoking cessation as an example, evaluate self-perceived benefits and barriers.

Cues to action, also known as action inducements or prompts, refer to the "fuse" or "trigger" that inspires or arouses actors to take action, and is a determining factor in the occurrence of healthy behaviors.

(1) Internal clues: body pain, physiological discomfort;

(2) External clues: health publicity and education through mass media, doctors’ recommendations to adopt healthy behaviors, help from family members and groups, etc.

example

Self-efficacy (self-efficacy) is the actor's confidence in his ability to successfully implement or give up a certain behavior, that is, he has a correct evaluation and judgment of his own behavioral ability, and believes that he will be able to successfully adopt an action that can achieve the expected results through hard work. Behavior.

High self-efficacy and sufficient confidence to complete healthy behaviors;

Low self-efficacy and lack of confidence make it difficult to adopt healthy behaviors.

Self-efficacy plays a decisive role in the implementation of healthy behaviors.

example

1) Demographic factors: age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, etc.;

2) Social psychological factors: personality traits, socioeconomic status, social pressure, peer influence, etc.;

3) Knowledge structure factors: knowledge about the disease and past contact with the disease.

Threat appraisal: People's understanding of danger is formed by balancing threat perception and benefits.

Coping appraisal: People's understanding of the ability to deal with threats to health is formed by balancing response efficacy, self-efficacy, and response costs.

Based on the experience and lessons gained from serious disease prevention and treatment (AIDS prevention and treatment), Rogers and other scholars proposed separate variables from threat assessment and response assessment - fear

advantage

shortcoming

debate

Research background and research purpose

Research content and methods

Research results and findings