It is both the beginning of the respiratory tract and the organ of smell

Divided into external nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses

Root of nose, dorsum of nose, tip of nose, wing of nose

Divided by nasal threshold

several concepts

General term for the air bones surrounding the nasal cavity

Frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, maxillary sinus

respiratory tract, vocal organ

The upper boundary is the epiglottis cartilage, and the lower boundary is the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage. Mainly composed of laryngeal cartilage and laryngeal muscles

The upper part leads to the pharynx, the lower airway, the infrahyoid muscles in front, the hypopharynx behind, and the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland, great blood vessels, and nerves on both sides.

The larynx of adults is located in front of the 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae

Thyroid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

epiglottis cartilage

arytenoid cartilage

joint

elastic cone

It is the power organ of our pronunciation. It is mainly striated muscle and belongs to skeletal muscle.

It has the function of tensing and relaxing the vocal cords, enlarging and narrowing the glottis cleft and narrowing the larynx.

The laryngeal cavity is a tube cavity surrounded by laryngeal cartilage, laryngeal muscles, laryngeal mucosa, ligaments, fibrous membrane, etc.

The laryngeal cavity starts from the mouth of the larynx and communicates with the pharynx; downwards it passes through the trachea and connects to the bronchi and lungs.

three parts

Two splits

The larynx is the upper opening of the hypopharynx and is bounded by the upper edge of the epiglottis, the aryepiglottic folds and the interarytenoid notch.

It originates from the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage, goes down to the sternal angle plane, and bifurcates to form the left and right main bronchi.

Divided into tracheocervical and tracheothorax

The tracheal cartilage is composed of 14-17 C-shaped notched posterior hyaline cartilage rings.

Tracheostomy is often performed at the 2nd to 4th tracheal cartilages.

tracheal bifurcation

tracheal carina

Left main bronchus: long, thin, and horizontal

Right main bronchus: short, thick, steep. Many foreign objects fall here

Lining the inner surface of the chest wall, above the septum, both sides of the mediastinum, and the surface of the lungs. Divided into parietal pleura and visceral pleura

The total cavity bounded by the thorax and diaphragm.

Costal pleura: Covers the inner part of the chest wall

Diaphragmatic pleura: covering the upper part of the diaphragm

Mediastinal pleura: the part covering both sides of the mediastinum

pleural roof

intercostal recess, intercostal recess, septal mediastinal recess

A general term for all organs and tissue structures between the mediastinum and pleura on both sides

The mediastinum is slightly to the left, narrow above and wide below.

Bounded by the horizontal plane of the sternal angle

A sharp point

bottom

Three sides

Three fates

Lobulation

Adult lungs can surface

Clinically, the bronchopulmonary segment can be used as the location for surgical resection.

respiratory tract

lung

It mainly carries out gas exchange, as well as smell, pronunciation, neuroendocrine function, assists in the return of venous blood to the heart, and participates in the metabolism of certain substances.