1. Temporomandibular glenoid fossa: Located on the lower surface of the squamous part of the temporal bone, it is roughly triangular in shape. When the human body is sitting upright, the front edge of the glenoid fossa is lower than the rear edge, and the outer edge is lower than the inner edge.

2. Articular tubercle: dome-shaped, the posterior slope of the articular tubercle and near the top of the articular tubercle are the main functional load areas.

It is fusiform, with shorter front and rear diameters, about 8 to 10 mm, and longer inner and outer diameters, about 15 to 30 mm. The protrusions on the inner and outer sides of the condyle are called the inner and outer poles respectively. The inner pole is more protruding than the outer pole. When the opening moves, the outer pole of the condyle can be palpated in front of the tragus. There is a bony protuberance running inward and outward on the top of the condyle, called the transverse crest. The transverse crest is sometimes not obvious. The transverse crest divides the condylar joint into two parts, the anterior and posterior parts, called the anterior condylar slope and the posterior condylar slope. The anterior slope of the condyle is narrow and elongated and is the main functional surface.

The temporomandibular joint disc has the function of absorbing shock and relieving intra-articular pressure.

It is composed of tough fibrous connective tissue and is sleeve-shaped. It is attached superiorly and anteriorly to the anterior edge of the anterior slope of the articular tubercle, superiorly and posteriorly to the anterior aspect of the tympanosquamous fissure and petrosquamous fissure, and medially and laterally attached to the edge of the glenoid fossa. Behind the posterior boundary of the joint capsule, there is often a bony depression. , because there is no obvious boundary between it and the glenoid fossa in imaging examinations such as X-ray and CT, this depression and the glenoid fossa in front of it are collectively called the mandibular fossa. The synovial membrane composed of connective tissue can secrete synovial fluid, which has the functions of nutrition, lubrication, and friction reduction.

1. Temporomandibular ligament: prevents lateral dislocation

2. Sphenomandibular ligament: suspends the mandible and protects nerves and blood vessels

3. Styloid mandibular ligament: fixes the mandibular angle

The contraction of the lateral pterygoid muscle is beneficial to stabilizing the articular disc. When the main function of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle is to maintain a stable relationship between the articular disc and the condyle, the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle will contract and play a corresponding coordination role.

Type 1: Ruffini corpuscles, low-threshold slow-adaptive force receptors, function: to sense changes in condyle position

Type 2: Pacini corpuscles, low-threshold fast-adaptive force receptors, role: sensing joint movement

Type III: Golgi tendon organ, high-threshold force receptor, function: to sense the stretch stimulation of the joint capsule and its joint ligaments

Type 4: free nerve endings, pain receptors, function: to sense painful stimuli