MindMap Gallery Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
This is a mind map about the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which mainly includes: the composition of the temporomandibular joint, blood supply and innervation of the temporomandibular joint, movement of the temporomandibular joint, joint functional load and reconstruction.
Edited at 2025-02-26 20:10:13Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
The composition of the temporomandibular joint
Temporal bone joint surface
Temporal bone joint fossa
Located on the lower surface of the temporal bone scale, roughly triangular
Joint nodules
Slightly round hilly on the side
It is divided into two oblique surfaces by a bone ridge.
The rear slope is the functional surface
Mandibular condyle process
The inner and outer diameter is 15~30mm long, the front and rear diameter is 8~10mm short
Cross-ridge
Front incline: functional surface, joint weight bearing area
Back slope: non-functional surface
Condylar neck: a weak area, a good area for mandible fractures
Pteralis fossa: attachment of external phthalis
Functional surface: anterior condyle rearward
Articular disc
Double plate area: posterior temporal and posterior mandibular attachment, the best part of the rupture hole
form
Located between the condyle and the temporal joint surface
Slightly oval, with inner and outer diameters longer than front and rear diameters
The upper surface is "S"-shaped, the lower surface is concave
Distribution of oblique sagittal direction
Anterior band: 2mm thick, with anterior temporal attachment and anterior mandibular attachment
Middle zone: 1mm thick, with a front and backward movement, with no vascular nerve distribution; it is the weight-bearing area of the joint and is also a good place for perforation and rupture of the joint disc
Rear belt: 3mm thick
effect
① Relieve intra-articular pressure
② Good plasticity, adjusts the uneven morphology between joints and condyles
③ Maintain stability of joint movement
Joint capsules and joint cavity
The upper cavity is large and loose, and it performs slippage movement, called sliding joints (disc-temporal joints)
The lower cavity is small and tight, and it rotates, which is called hinge movement (disc-jaw joint)
Extracapsular ligament
Temporomandibular ligament
Prevent dislocation of condyle process laterally
Butterfly mandibular ligament
Protecting access to the mandibular foramen
Styloid process mandibular ligament
Prevent excessive forward movement
Main functions: suspend the jaw, limit the movement of the jaw within the normal range
Blood supply and innervation of the temporomandibular joint
Blood supply
Mainly from the articular branches of the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery
The arteries are not evenly branched
Blood vessels provide nutrition to the distributed joint tissues. The nutrients of the cartilage and joint discs that are not controlled by blood vessels are mainly derived from joint synovial fluid.
Integrity
The ear temporal nerve
Most of the posterior medial and lateral walls of the joint capsule
Deep Temporal Nerve
Part of the anterior and lateral wall of the joint capsule
Massive muscle nerve
The rest of the anterior wall of the joint capsule and a small part of the medial wall
Movement of the temporomandibular joint
In jaw movement, The temporomandibular joint is the axis of movement. The masticatory muscle is the driving force. The teeth are direct force-applied organs
Open jaw movement
Small jaw opening—hinge movement
The lower jaw drops 0~2cm Movement axis in condylar process Move the lower incisor backward and lower by 18~25cm
Only turn but not slip
Open jaw
The jaw drops more than 2cm The axis of rotational movement remains unchanged, and the axis of sliding movement is near the mandibular hole
Turning and slipping
Open and closed mouth movement sign
Opening type "↓" No bounce, bounce, pain Opening degree above 40mm
Joint functional load and reconstruction
Source of load
Mastic muscle contraction load, support from jaw, teeth and food
Load bearing
Optimal receiving position: natural closed position
When chewing food << When gritting teeth at maximum
Occlusal plays an important guiding role in chewing exercise
Reconstruction results
Local tissue hyperplasia or absorption
Changes in anatomical morphology